1592. DAVID GANS (1541-1613) publishes his history. 1593. Isaac ben Abraham Troki (1533-1594), Karaite, publishes his “CHISUK EMUNAH.” Clement VIII expels the Jews from all the Papal States except Rome and Ancona. THE FIRST MARRANO SETTLEMENT MADE IN HOLLAND AT AMSTERDAM under Jacob Tirado. 1597. The Jews expelled from various Italian principalities; Ferrara ceases to harbor Marranos. 1604. Clement VIII issues a bull of absolution for imprisoned Portuguese Marranos. 1612. _Portuguese Jews granted right of residence in Hamburg._ 1614. Vincent Fettmilch’s attack upon the Jews of Frankfort. 1615. The Jews of Worms banished. 1616. Jews re-admitted into Frankfort and Worms. 1617. _Lipmann Heller_ (1579-1654) completes his “_Tossafoth Yomtob_.” 1619. Permission accorded the Jews of Amsterdam to profess their religion. 1621(about). _Sara Copia Sullam_ (1600-1641), poetess. 1623. _Excommunication of Uriel da Costa_ (1590-1640). 1630. Suffering of the Jews during the Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648). 1639(about). A _Talmud Torah_ opened in Amsterdam. Saul Levi Morteira, Isaac Aboab de Fonseca, and MANASSEH BEN ISRAEL, rabbis of Amsterdam. 1641(about). LEO BEN ISAAC MODENA (1571-1649); Joseph Solomon Delmedigo (1591-1655); and Simone Luzzatto (1590-1663), scholars not wholly in accord with the Judaism of their time. 1646. The Jews in Brazil side with the Dutch in their war with the Portuguese. 1648. Beginning of the COSSACK PERSECUTIONS OF THE JEWS IN POLAND UNDER CHMIELNICKI. XX. FROM THE PERSECUTION IN POLAND TO THE PRESENT TIME. (1648-1873 C. E.) 1649(about). Christian scholars in Holland devote themselves to Hebrew literature. 1655. MANASSEH BEN ISRAEL goes to London to obtain from Cromwell THE RE-ADMISSION OF THE JEWS INTO ENGLAND. 1657. Cromwell permits Sephardic Jews settled in London to open a burial ground. =1665.= =Sabbataï Zevi= (1626-1676) publicly accepted as the Messiah; his followers and opponents. 1670. BARUCH SPINOZA (1632-1677) publishes his “Theologico-Political Treatise”; contemporary Marrano poets and authors in Amsterdam.