=Aragon, the Jews of=, under Alfonso II, =3=, 387-8. under Pedro II, =3=, 497-8. prevent anti-Jewish legislation, =3=, 508. exempt from wearing the Jew badge, =3=, 514-15. in the Maimunist controversy, =3=, 530, 536, 537. letter to, denouncing Solomon of Montpellier, =3=, 544. under Jayme I, =3=, 596-7. regarded as “servi cameræ,” =3=, 597. debate with Pablo Christiani, =3=, 602. persecuted in the fourteenth century, =4=, 77. massacred on account of the Black Death, =4=, 102-3. helped by the higher classes, =4=, 103. under Pedro IV and Juan I, =4=, 145. possess penal jurisdiction, =4=, 155. persecuted in 1391, =4=, 170-1, 172. converted, =4=, 206, 214. at the disputation of Tortosa, =4=, 214. under John II, =4=, 274, 275. warned of approaching danger, =4=, 336. proclamation expelling, =4=, 347-8. possessions of, sequestrated, =4=, 350. =Aragon, the Marranos of=, =4=, 309. try to suppress the Inquisition, =4=, 329. =Aram=, home of Abraham, =1=, 4. _See_ Syria. =Arama, Isaac.= _See_ Isaac Arama. =Aramæans=, the, help the Ammonites against David, =1=, 126-7. _See under_ Damascus, the kingdom of; Syria. =Aramaic=, learnt by the Judæans in Babylon, =1=, 330-1. spoken by the Judæans in Hasmonæan times, =2=, 14, 15. spoken in Galilee, =2=, 149. words in the Mishna, =2=, 461. =Aranda, Counts de=, try to suppress the Aragon Inquisition, =4=, 329. =Aranda, de=, Marrano bishop, burnt by Torquemada, =4=, 333. =Arari, David=, accused of ritual murder, =5=, 636, 638. persecuted, =5=, 636-7. =Araunah.= _See_ Ornah. =Arbachshter.= _See_ Ardashir. =Arbues, Pedro=, de Epila, inquisitor in Aragon, =4=, 326. plot against, by the Marranos, =4=, 329. killed in church, =4=, 330. honor paid to the memory of, =4=, 330-1. Marranos concerned in the murder of, sheltered in Navarre, =4=, 357. =Arcadius= (395-408), emperor of the East, insignificance of, =2=, 615. the Jews under, =2=, 616. =Archelaus=, of Cappadocia, daughter of, =2=, 112, 128. =Archelaus= (Herod II), son of Herod I, sovereign of Judæa and Samaria, =2=, 119. promises to abolish unjust laws, =2=, 120-1. attacks those offering the Passover sacrifices, =2=, 121. forbids the celebration of Passover, =2=, 122. puts Jerusalem under Quintilius Varus, =2=, 122-3. ethnarch of Judæa, =2=, 127. deposes the high priest Joasar, =2=, 127. war of, against Athronges, =2=, 128. marries Glaphyra, =2=, 128. exiled by Augustus, =2=, 128. property of, confiscated by Augustus, =2=, 129. =Archelaus, Julius=, brother-in-law of Agrippa II, =2=, 235. =Archipelago=, the, Cardoso in, =5=, 207. =Archisynagogus=, title of the rabbi of Speyer, =3=, 297. =Architecture=, under Herod, =2=, 106-7, 118.