=Arabia, the Jews of=, similarity of, to the Arabs, =3=, 56. alienate Mahomet’s followers, =3=, 74-5. rejoice at Mahomet’s death, =3=, 84. possess good taste, =3=, 111. find the authority of the Talmud irksome, =3=, 119-20. in the twelfth century, =3=, 436-7. =Arabia, northern= (Hejas), inhabitants of, descended from Ishmael, =3=, 60, 61. =Arabia, northern (Hejas), the Jews of=, =3=, 54-6. lead a Bedouin life, =3=, 57. distinguish themselves in poetry, =3=, 57-8. intelligence of, =3=, 58. religious affairs among, =3=, 58-9. relation of, to the Arabs, =3=, 60-1. history of, =3=, 67-71. dispossessed by Mahomet, =3=, 76-83. in the twelfth century, =3=, 436-7. =Arabia, southern, inhabitants of=, descended from Yoktan, =3=, 60. called Kachtanites, =3=, 61. _See also_ Himyarites, the; Yemen. =Arabia, southern=, the Jews of, =3=, 56. the Jews of, trade with India, =3=, 57. a Jewish kingdom in, =3=, 62-7. _See under_ Yemen. =Arabia Felix=, southern Arabia, =3=, 56. =Arabic=, spoken by Jews of Mahometan countries, =3=, 110-11. used by the Gaon of Sora officially, =3=, 178. translation of the Bible into, =3=, 189-90. used in Sherira’s responses, =3=, 232. spoken by the Jews of Andalusia, =3=, 235. the Mishna translated into, =3=, 237. spoken by Italian Jews in the twelfth century, =3=, 423. translations from, made by Jews, =3=, 593. taught as a means of conversion, =3=, 597; =4=, 245. forgotten by the Spanish Jews, =4=, 60. =Arabic poetry= influences neo-Hebraic poetry, =3=, 116, 224. =Arabs=, the, love the Scriptures, =3=, 59. adopt the Jewish calendar, =3=, 59-60. relation of, to the Jews, =3=, 60. supremacy of, =3=, 86-7. helped by the Jews and Samaritans, =3=, 87. enthusiasm of, for their language, =3=, 110-111. obtain access to scientific literature through Jews, =3=, 111. influence the revival of Hebrew, =3=, 111. at war with the Chazars, =3=, 138. defeated by the Chazars, =3=, 139. unkindly treated by the Spanish Berbers, =3=, 261. _See also under_ Mahometans, the; Nabathæans, the. =Arach=, the family of, intermarries with the Ammonites, =1=, 362. =Aradus=, built by the Canaanites, =1=, 3. refuses obedience to Antiochus IV, =1=, 463. =Aragon=, Jews in, in the twelfth century, =3=, 384. ally of Castile against the Almohades, =3=, 387. forced converts in, relapse into Judaism, =4=, 180. Ferdinand of Castile becomes king of, =4=, 205, 206. the Inquisition established in, =4=, 319. opposed to the Inquisition, =4=, 319, 328. privileges of, canceled, =4=, 326. inquisitors appointed for, =4=, 326. exiles from, form a congregation in Constantinople, =4=, 402.