=Chassidim= (Chasidim, Assidæans), the, Nazarites under Simon the Just, =1=, 422. opposed to the Hellenists, =1=, 435-6. piety of, =1=, 436, 490. exponents of the teachings of, =1=, 436. incite the Judæans to steadfastness, =1=, 457. hiding-places of, betrayed, =1=, 457-8. killed in the caves, =1=, 458. follow Mattathias the Hasmonæan, =1=, 460. betrayed by Alcimus, =1=, 483. a distinct party, =1=, 489. compared with the Hasmonæan party, =1=, 489-90. incensed at the destruction of the “Soreg,” =1=, 492. withdraw from public life, =2=, 16. called Essenes, =2=, 16. _See_ Essenes, the. give rise to the Pharisees, =2=, 16. _See_ Pharisees, the. _See also under_ Hasmonæans, the; Maccabees, the. =Chasinaï.= _See_ Asinaï. =Chassidim=, the, Polish Sabbatian sect, emigrate, =5=, 212. exhort to penance, =5=, 212. supported by Samuel Oppenheim, =5=, 213. accept Islam and Christianity, =5=, 213. =Chassidim, the (new)=, mock at the Talmudists, =5=, 379. form a brotherhood, =5=, 383-5. introduce innovations, =5=, 386. divide into two branches, =5=, 388. slander Elijah Wilna, =5=, 391. excommunicated, =5=, 391-2. conduct of, under persecution, =5=, 392-3. put themselves under “Rebbes,” =5=, 392. read only Chassidistic works, =5=, 393. second interdict against, =5=, 393-4. writings of, burned, =5=, 393. resist the opening of secular schools, =5=, 394. writings of, forbidden in Galicia, =5=, 394. efforts to suppress, =5=, 394. persecute readers of non-Hebrew books, =5=, 608, 611. attacked by Joseph Perl, =5=, 612. joined by Erter, =5=, 613. =Chassidism, the (new)=, opposed to Rabbinical Judaism, =5=, 375, 379. founders of, =5=, 375. character of, =5=, 380-1. the leaders of, =5=, 381-3. circumstances favoring the spread of, =5=, 383-6, 387. opposed by the Mendelssohnians, =5=, 394. prevents the spread of culture among Russian Jews, =5=, 473. revolt from, and culture in Galicia, =5=, 611. =Chastelard=, the Jews of, suspected of well poisoning, =4=, 104. =Chateaubriand=, on Judaism, =5=, 427, 428. reactionary influence of, =5=, 477, 478. =Chatel=, the Jews of, suspected of well poisoning, =4=, 103-4. =Châtelet=, refuge of the Jews of Paris, =4=, 151. =Chaumette=, instrumental in setting up the religion of Reason, =5=, 450. =Chaves, Jacob de=, pupil of Luzzatto, =5=, 242. =Chaves, Moses de=, patron of Luzzatto, =5=, 242. =Chaya=, daughter of Elias Schor, Frankist, =5=, 275. =Chayim of Landshut=, appoints three rabbis for Germany, =4=, 227. =Chayim of Lublin=, excommunicates Eibeschütz’s opponents, =5=, 261, 262. deprived of his rabbinate, =5=, 263. =Chayim ben Gallipapa= (1310-1380), rabbi of Pampeluna, proposes innovations, =4=, 148-9.