=Christians, the early.= _See_ Jewish Christians, the; Judæan Christians, the; Nazarenes, the, etc. =Christians, the Judaizing=, under Receswinth, =3=, 104. under Erwig, =3=, 106-7. forbidden to own real estate, =3=, 107-8. _See also_ Marranos, the. =Christians, the Nestorian=, help the Arabs in Babylonia, =3=, 89. side with Ali, =3=, 90. =Christians, the Syrian=, and the science of grammar, =3=, 7. make scientific literature accessible to the Arabs, =3=, 111. =Christina=, of Sweden, student of Hebrew, =5=, 21. Manasseh ben Israel recommended to, =5=, 22, 23. Manoel Texeira’s guest, =5=, 140. intercedes for the Jews of Vienna, =5=, 171. =Chronicles, the Books of=, written by a Levite, =1=, 411. =Chrysostom.= _See_ John Chrysostom. =Church appurtenances=, Jews forbidden to buy, =3=, 377. =Church councils=, occupied with the Jewish question, =3=, 25. discuss the slave-trade of the Jews, =3=, 40. convened in France by the fugitive popes, =3=, 376-7. =Church councils, list of=: Alby, Avignon (1209), Bamberg (1451), Basle (1431-1443), Béziers (1246), Buda (1279), Clermont (1095), Constance (1414), Epaone (517), Exeter (1287), Illiberis (320), Lateran, the third (1179) Lateran, the fourth (1215) Lateran, the fifth (1512-1517) Lyons (829), Mâcon (581), Meaux (845), Montpellier, Narbonne (1227), Nice (325), Orleans (538, 545), Oxford (1222), Paris (615, 846, 1212), Rome (1078), Rouen (1231), Toledo (589, 633, 652?), Tours (1231), Trent (1545), under Chintila (638), under Erwig, under Wamba, Vannes (465), Vienna (1267), Zamora (1313). =Church Fathers=, the, works of, connected with the Talmud, =4=, 614. “=Church= of the Mother of God,” synagogue in Constantinople, =3=, 26. =Chushiel= (950-980), emissary from Sora, settles in Kairuan, =3=, 208, 210. title of, =3=, 211. disciples of, =3=, 211. =Chuzpit=, interpreter of the Jamnia Synhedrion, =2=, 357, 429. =Cicero=, animosity of, to Judæans, =2=, 68-70. indebted to Greek writers, =2=, 179. =Cidellus=, Jewish adviser of Alfonso VI of Castile, =3=, 292. =Cilicia=, mercenaries of, hired by Alexander Jannæus, =2=, 39. Greek-Christian communities in, =2=, 227. the Jews of, punish an apostate, =2=, 565. =Cincinnati=, rabbinical college at, =5=, 700. =Circumcision=, observed by Babylonian proselytes, =1=, 339. observed by Babylonian Judæans, =1=, 364. whether optional or imperative with proselytes, =2=, 384-5. forbidden by Hadrian, =2=, 422, 424. permitted by Antoninus Pius, =2=, 433. of slaves, forbidden, =2=, 567, 615; =3=, 46. practiced by the heathen Arabs, =3=, 61. discussed in Frankfort, =5=, 676-7. _See also under_ Proselytes. “=Citizen’s Cry= against the Jews, The,” published in Metz, =5=, 434.