=Constitution of the Directory=, the, recognizes the emancipation of the Jews, =5=, 452. =Constitution, the French=, ratified by Louis XVI, =5=, 447. “=Constitutions=, The,” code of the Inquisition compiled by Torquemada, =4=, 326-8. introduced into Portugal, =4=, 508. =Conti, Vincent=, prints the Zohar, =4=, 583. =Contra-Remonstrants=, the, a Dutch sect, =4=, 673. “=Contrasts= and Greatness of Constantinople,” by Moses Almosnino, =4=, 608. =Controversial literature=, in Spain in the fifteenth century, =4=, 232-8. _See also_ Polemical works against Christianity. “=Conversations= and Recollections,” by Moses Ibn-Ezra, =3=, 320. =Conversion=, the, of the Himyarites, =3=, 56. =Conversion, the, of the Jews to Christianity=, promoted by Constantine, =2=, 562, 564. desired by Theodoric, =3=, 29-30. hoped by Bernard of Clairvaux, =3=, 353. means used for, by Raymond de Penyaforte, =3=, 520. encouraged by Louis IX, =3=, 570. projected by Benedict XIII, =4=, 206-7. designed by the Council of Basle, =4=, 245-6. attempted in Ratisbon, =4=, 301. measures for, devised by Pfefferkorn, =4=, 425-6. unpopular, =4=, 426-7. measures for, devised by Gregory XIII, =4=, 654-5, 706. hoped for by Cromwell, =5=, 43. agitated by Charles XI of Sweden, =5=, 182. agitated by Wagenseil, =5=, 186. urged by Rühs, =5=, 517. _See also_ Apostasy; Apostates. =Conversion, the forced, of Jews to Christianity=, objected to by Gregory I, =3=, 33. objected to by Henry IV, =3=, 298. forbidden by the third Lateran Council, =3=, 421. deprecated by Gregory IX, =3=, 570. deprecated by Gregory X, =3=, 635. advised by Duns Scotus, =3=, 644; =4=, 277. forbidden by Clement VI, =4=, 103, 173. deprecated by Innocent IV, =4=, 165. forbidden by Boniface IX, =4=, 173. deprecated by Martin V, =4=, 220. advocated by John of Capistrano, =4=, 277. condemned by Ferdinand Coutinho, =4=, 375. attempted by Manoel of Portugal, =4=, 377. objected to by Paul III, =4=, 517-18. _See also_ Marranos, the.