=Ephoros=, Jewish overseer in Greece, Macedonia, Illyria, =3=, 27. =Ephraim, the tribe of=, in contact with the Egyptians, =1=, 7. takes Bethel, =1=, 34. claims the central lands of Canaan, =1=, 35-6. and the Danites, =1=, 39. holds assemblies at Shiloh, =1=, 41. opposes intermarriages with the heathen, =1=, 56. keeps worshipers from Shiloh, =1=, 57. assists Ehud against the Moabites =1=, 60. in conflict with Manasseh, =1=, 63. attacked by the Ammonites, =1=, 64. quarrels with Jephthah, =1=, 65. oppressed by the Philistines, =1=, 71. not well disposed towards David, =1=, 114. sides with Absalom, =1=, 140. persuaded to separate from Solomon, =1=, 176. chooses Jeroboam as king, =1=, 182-3. end of, =1=, 265-6. =Ephraim of Tyre=, head of the Jews of Tyre, =3=, 426. =Ephraim ben Jacob= of Bonn (1132-1200), Talmudist and liturgical poet, =3=, 419. =Ephraim=, mountain, description of, =1=, 45. =Epicrates=, general of Ptolemy VIII, fights against the Judæans, =2=, 11. =Epicurus=, teachings of, accepted in Judæa, =1=, 429. =Epiphanes=, son of Antiochus of Commagene, affianced to Drusilla, =2=, 195, 235. =Epistles= to the Hebrews, the, urge the separation of Jewish Christians from Jews, =2=, 371. =Epistolæ= Obscurorum Virorum, by Crotus Rubianus, a Reuchlinist work, =4=, 461-2. _See_ “Letters of Obscurantists.” =Eras= used by the Jews, =1=, 417; =2=, 134; =3=, 433; =4=, 394-5. =Erasmus=, as humanist, =4=, 432, 433. supposed author of the “Letters of Obscurantists,” =4=, 462. on hatred of the Jews, =4=, 462-3. in the pantomime on the Reformation, =4=, 468. =Eravi.= _See_ Airvi. =Erfurt=, refuge of Archbishop Ruthard of Mayence, =3=, 307. =Erfurt, the Jews of=, persecuted, =3=, 611. during the Black Death persecutions, =4=, 109. =Erfurt, the university of=, consulted regarding the confiscation of Hebrew books, =4=, 437, 441. theologians of, sanction the burning of the “Augenspiegel,” =4=, 452. =Ergas, Joseph=, Kabbalist, denounces Chayon, =5=, 227. =Ermengarde=, princess of Narbonne, Jews under, =3=, 392. “=Errors= of the Doctrine of the Trinity,” by Michael Servetus, =4=, 541. =Erter, Isaac= (1792-1851), Galician scholar, re-animates the Hebrew language, =5=, 612-13, 617. education and marriages of, =5=, 613. self-culture of, =5=, 613-14. influence of Rapoport and Krochmal on, =5=, 614. excommunicated, =5=, 614-15. satirizes Orenstein, =5=, 615. style of, =5=, 615-16. poverty of, =5=, 616. poetry of, compared with S. D. Luzzatto’s, =5=, 623. writes an account of the Damascus affair, =5=, 671. =Erwig=, Visigothic king, usurper, enacts anti-Jewish laws, =3=, 106-7. =Esarhaddon=, king of Assyria, reduces Babylonia, =1=, 284. takes Manasseh prisoner, =1=, 285.