“=Fortalitium Fidei=,” anti-Jewish work by Alfonso de Spina, =4=, 277, 415. “=Fortress=, The,” polemic, =4=, 234. =Fortunatus, Venantius=, poet, celebrates the achievements of Avitus, =3=, 39. =Forum Judicum=, Visigothic code, translated into Castilian, =3=, 594-5. =Fossano=, French exiles settle in, =4=, 177. =Fostat.= _See_ Cairo. =Fould, Achille=, questions Thiers on the Damascus affair, =5=, 649. “=Fountain= of Life, The,” (Mekor Chayim, Fons Vitæ), philosophical work by Solomon Ibn-Gebirol, =3=, 270. translated into Latin, =3=, 270. used by the schoolmen, =3=, 271. =Four Countries, the, Synod of= (Vaad Arba Arazoth), functions of, =4=, 643-4; =5=, 3-4. authority of, =4=, 644. supposed originator of, =4=, 645. president of, =4=, 645. and the Kamieniec disputation, =5=, 281. forbidden to assemble, =5=, 387. dissolution of, favorable to Chassidism, =5=, 387. =Fourth of August=, the, glory of, =5=, 437. =Fox Fables=, the, by Berachya ben Natronaï, =3=, 560. =Fraga=, the Jews of, converted, =4=, 214. “=Fragments= of an Unknown,” published by Lessing, =5=, 320-1. effect of, =5=, 321-2. attributed to Mendelssohn, =5=, 322. =France=, Talmud schools established in, =3=, 208. Talmudists of, imported into Egypt, =3=, 444. rabbis of, emigrate to Jerusalem, =3=, 505-6. rabbis of, in sympathy with Solomon Petit, =3=, 627. refuge of the Jews banished from England, =3=, 646. quarrel about the chief rabbinate of, =4=, 152-3, 162. the Protestant Reformation in, =4=, 469. professorships for Hebrew instituted in, =4=, 471, 473, 474. Portuguese Marranos arrested in, =4=, 509. ambassador of, and Joseph Nassi, =4=, 595, 598-9. Joseph Nassi seizes the merchant vessels of, =4=, 597. the Measfim in, =5=, 401. the first country to emancipate the Jews, =5=, 430. congregations of, present addresses to the Synhedrion, =5=, 496. Central Consistory of, keeps aloof from the Reform movement, =5=, 572.