=Gerlach=, archbishop of Mayence, obtains Jews as “servi cameræ” =4=, 128. =German-Frankish empire=, the. _See_ Franks, the, the empire of. =German language=, the, carried to Poland by German Jews, =4=, 421. =German merchants= antagonize Jews in Poland, =4=, 632. =German translation of the Bible= by Luther, =4=, 469, 475. by Sachs, =5=, 693. =German translation of the Pentateuch by Mendelssohn.= _See under_ Pentateuch, the. =Germans=, the simplicity of, =4=, 422. purity of, =4=, 423. =Germanus, Moses=, proselyte, =5=, 177-8. =Germany=, Jewish emigrants from, held up in Lombardy, =3=, 638-9. refuge of the Jews banished from England, =3=, 646. preferred to Spain by the Asherides, =4=, 90, 96. re-admits Jews soon after the Black Death, =4=, 127-8. French exiles settle in, =4=, 177. exiles from, take refuge in Poland, =4=, 263. exiles from, form a congregation in Constantinople, =4=, 402. professorships for Hebrew instituted in, =4=, 471. Messianic hopes connected with Solomon Molcho in, =4=, 497. Portuguese Marranos perish in, =4=, 509. religious parties in, =5=, 25. the Sabbatian movement in, =5=, 160, 228. Chayim Malach in, =5=, 214. feeling of solidarity developed in, =5=, 515. the romantic movement in, =5=, 515-16. debt of, to Börne and Heine, =5=, 556. _See also_ Franks, the, the empire of. =Germany, the Jews of=, in the sixth century, =3=, 40-1. advanced under Charlemagne, =3=, 141. yield precedence to the Jews of Spain, =3=, 236. under the Saxon emperors, =3=, 241, 242-3. compelled to be tradesmen, =3=, 242-3. lack of culture among, =3=, 243. not creative in the eleventh century, =3=, 281. occupations of, =3=, 281. compared with the Christians, =3=, 281. devoted to the study of the Talmud, =3=, 281, 419. suffer during the crusades, =3=, 297, 351-4. under Henry IV, =3=, 298. expect the Messiah, =3=, 298. dependent on the emperor, =3=, 308. gloom and bigotry of, =3=, 309. debts owing to, repudiated by the pope, =3=, 349. become “servi cameræ,” =3=, 356-7, 416-17, 516, 569. degradation of, =3=, 357. in the twelfth century, =3=, 416-21. protected by the emperors during the crusades, =3=, 416. privileges of, =3=, 417-18. massacred under Henry VI, =3=, 418-19. high morality of, =3=, 419. little affected by the Fourth Lateran Council, =3=, 516-17. heavily taxed, =3=, 517. naïve faith of, =3=, 549. accused of aiding Jenghis-Khan, =3=, 580-1. charged with the blood accusation, =3=, 583-5, 635. persecuted after Frederick II’s death, =3=, 611-12. address Solomon ben Adret for religious decisions, =3=, 620. in the Maimunist controversy, =3=, 624. piety of, =3=, 625. determine to emigrate, =3=, 634, 637. offer to ransom Meïr of Rothenburg, =3=, 639-40. persecuted by Rindfleisch, =4=, 35-7.