=Israelites, the (whole nation), the kings of=, list of: David, Rehoboam, Saul, Solomon. “=Israelitische Allianz=,” founders and object of, =5=, 703. “=Israel’s Hope=,” by Manasseh ben Israel, =5=, 31-2, 33. =Issachar, the tribe of=, acquires pasture land in the north, =1=, 36-7. relation of, to the Phœnicians, =1=, 53. =Isserlein, Israel.= _See_ Israel Isserlein. =Isserles.= _See_ Moses ben Israel Isserles. =Issor=, a proselyte of Machuza, =2=, 587-8. =Italy=, loses its importance, =2=, 560. a province of the Byzantine Empire, =3=, 32. under the Lombards, =3=, 33. Talmud scholars of, in the tenth century, =3=, 212. French exiles settle in, =4=, 177. Austrian exiles settle in, =4=, 224. tolerance in, in the fifteenth century, =4=, 285. German rabbis in, hostile to philosophy, =4=, 293. Marranos flee to, =4=, 318, 485. Spanish exiles go to, =4=, 352, 407-10. ships of, carry Spanish exiles, =4=, 358. Spanish spoken in, by the exiles, =4=, 387. Spanish exiles leaders in, =4=, 389. professorships for Hebrew instituted in, =4=, 471. Jewish fugitives in, gather in national groups, =4=, 478. the Kabbala in, =4=, 481; =5=, 488. liberty of, defended by Clement VII, =4=, 492. Polish Jewish fugitives in, =5=, 16. rabbis of, Poles, =5=, 206. the Sabbatian movement in, =5=, 209. congregations of, present addresses to the Synhedrion, =5=, 496. rabbis of, oppose the Reform movement, =5=, 571. attitude of, towards the Damascus affair, =5=, 650. _See also under_ Rome.