=Jewish Christians=, the, antagonized by Tarphon of Lydda, =2=, 357. condemned by Samuel the Younger, =2=, 358. observe the Law, =2=, 365-6. view of Jesus held by, =2=, 366. called Ebionites, =2=, 366. as propagandists, =2=, 366. differ from Pagan Christians, =2=, 367. hate Paul, =2=, 367, 368. views of, in the evangels, =2=, 369. hate Rome, =2=, 369. relation of, to the Jews, =2=, 369-70. and the Tanaites, =2=, 370. gradually endow Jesus with divine attributes, =2=, 370. sects of, =2=, 370. separate from the Jews, =2=, 370-2, 431. merge into the Pagan Christians, =2=, 373. accused of damaging the Jews with the Roman authorities, =2=, 378. discussed by the Synhedrion, =2=, 379-80. inimically treated by Bar-Cochba, =2=, 412. spy upon the Jews under Hadrian, =2=, 425. persecuted by Hadrian, =2=, 430-1. the Mishna not hostile to, =2=, 476. _See also_ Ebionites, the; Judæan Christians, the; Nazarenes, the. =Jewish Church=, the German, the founding of, =5=, 682, 686. and Sachs, =5=, 691. =Jewish converts.= _See_ Apostates. “=Jewish Curiosities=,” by Schudt, =5=, 549. =Jewish history.= _See under_ History. “=Jewish Letters=,” to Voltaire, by a priest, =5=, 346-7. =Jewish Literature.= _See under_ Literature. =Jewish state=, the, restored under Bar-Cochba, =2=, 412. the restoration of, conditioned on the appearance of the Messiah, =2=, 600. Spinoza on, =5=, 103-7.