80. GAMALIEL II Patriarch, or president of the Synhedrion at Jamnia; his colleagues ELIEZER BEN HYRCANUS and JOSHUA BEN CHANANYA. Excommunication first used. _The daily prayers_ (“_Eighteen Benedictions_”) _first formulated_. The Minæan curse introduced into the prayers. Jewish Christians (Nazarenes, Ebionites), heathen Christians, and Gnostics. 93. JOSEPHUS completes his history of the Jews, THE ANTIQUITIES. 95(about). Death of Josephus. 115. The Jews of Babylonia, Palestine, Egypt, Cyprus, Cyrene, and Lybia rise against Trajan. 118. The Jews of Palestine rise against Trajan and Hadrian; “War of Lucius Quietus.” Joshua ben Chananya president of the Synhedrion. 119. AKYLAS, proselyte, makes a Greek translation of the Scriptures. 130. AKIBA BEN JOSEPH president of the Synhedrion; collects the Halachoth (_Mishna of R. Akiba_). =133.= =Rebellion of Bar-Cochba= against Hadrian; restoration of the Jewish State. 134. Magdala taken by Julius Severus. 135. FALL OF BETHAR; end of Bar-Cochba. Persecutions by Turnus Rufus; Jerusalem called Ælia Capitolina. Akiba ben Joseph dies a martyr; the ten martyrs; _Elisha ben Abuya_ (Acher) informs against observing Jews. 138. Hadrian’s decrees revoked by Antoninus Pius. The fugitive disciples of the Law return from Babylonia, and organize a Synhedrion at Usha. 140. _Simon III_, son of Gamaliel II, president of the Synhedrion, assisted by MEÏR, Judah ben Ilaï, Nathan of Babylon, José ben Chalafta, and SIMON BEN YOCHAI. 161. Revolution in Palestine against Antoninus Pius. Verus Commodus, co-emperor with Marcus Aurelius, persecutes the Jews of Palestine. 165. JUDAH I, THE HOLY, RABBI, PRESIDENT OF THE SYNHEDRION. =189.= =Compilation of the Mishna= (_Mishna di Rabbi Judah_); Judah I and Nathan of Babylon the last of the Tanaites. 200. Severus prohibits heathens from becoming Jews. 210. Gamaliel III, son of Judah I, president of the Synhedrion. The apocryphal Mishnas (Boraïtoth) compiled. XV. THE EPOCH OF THE TALMUD, THE AMORAIM, AND THE SABORAIM. (219-550 C. E.)