Race hostilities between the Jews and the heathen in Judæa, Syria, and Alexandria. Cestius Gallus besieges Jerusalem. Cestius Gallus retires from Jerusalem; Judæa ruled by the Synhedrion, Simon II ben Gamaliel president. 66. The prohibition of “_The Eighteen Things_” enacted by the school of Shammai in consequence of the continued hostilities between the Jews and the heathen. _War in Galilee_; FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS governor of Galilee. 66. _John of Gischala_ accuses Josephus of duplicity before the Synhedrion. 67. Gabara taken by Vespasian. _Fall of Jotapata._ Josephus surrenders to the Romans. Fall of Gamala. The fall of Gischala completes the _conquest of Galilee_ by the Romans. The Idumæans enter Jerusalem as the allies of the Zealots; civil war in Jerusalem; reign of terror under the Zealots; the Synhedrion ceases to exist. 68. Peræa taken by Vespasian. _Simon bar Giora_ enters Jerusalem, and renews the civil war. 69. Vespasian proclaimed emperor; he leaves Judæa. TITUS commander of the army in Judæa. Civil dissension continues in Jerusalem. =70.= TITUS BEGINS THE SIEGE OF JERUSALEM. Fall of the outer wall of Jerusalem; Bezetha in the hands of the Romans. Fall of the Tower of Antonia. Famine in Jerusalem. Sacrifices cease to be brought in the Temple. BURNING OF THE TEMPLE. Titus in the Holy of Holies. Zion, the upper city, burnt by Titus. =Complete destruction of Jerusalem.= An academy founded in Jamnia by JOCHANAN BEN ZAKKAI. 71. The fortresses Herodium and Machærus taken by Bassus. Titus’ triumph; execution of Simon bar Giora. 72. Masada taken by Silva; the last Zealots fall; JUDÆA COMPLETELY CONQUERED. Death of Agrippa II. The _Fiscus judaicus_ instituted by Vespasian. XIV. THE EPOCH OF THE MISHNA AND THE TANAITES. (72-219 C. E.) 72. Rebellion of the fugitive Zealots in Egypt and Cyrene. The Onias Temple closed.