842. The title GAON assumed also by the Pumbeditha principals; Paltoi ben Abayi _the first Gaon of Pumbeditha_. 845. The Council of Meaux under Amolo, bishop of Lyons, enacts anti-Jewish decrees, renewing those of Constantine and Theodosius II. 853. The Abbasside Caliph Al-Mutavakkil _introduces Jew badges_, and re-enacts the “_Covenant of Omar_.” 869. Mar-Amram ben Sheshna, Gaon of Sora, at the request of a Spanish community, arranges the =order of prayers= in use among European Jews. 872. Mar-Zemach I ben Paltoi, Gaon of Pumbeditha, author of the _first Talmudic Dictionary_. 880(about). ELDAD HA-DANI. 881. _Nachshon ben Zadok_, Gaon of Sora, _discovers the key to the Jewish calendar_. 900(about). Simon of Cairo writes the _Halachoth Gedoloth_, a polemic against Karaism. JOSIPPON compiled. _Isaac ben Israeli I Suleiman_ (845-940), physician and philologist at Kairuan. 913. SAADIAH BEN JOSEPH (892-942) attacks Karaism. 917. Mar-Kohen-Zedek II ben Joseph, Gaon of Pumbeditha, tries to bring about the fall of the Exilarchate and the academy of Sora. Hostilities against Mar-Ukba. 921. _David ben Zaccaï_ made Exilarch. 928. _Saadiah installed as Gaon of Sora._ His controversies with the Karaite _Solomon ben Yerucham_, and his _translation of the Scriptures into Arabic_. 930. Hostilities between Saadiah and David ben Zaccaï. 934. Saadiah writes his religious-philosophical work EMUNOTH WE-DEOTH. 940. Death of David ben Zaccaï, the last Exilarch of influence. END OF THE EXILARCHATE a few years later. 940(about). MOSES AND AARON BEN ASHER, Massorets. 942. Death of Saadiah. 945(about). _Four scholars are sent from Sora to gather contributions for the academy_: Shemarya ben Elchanan settles in Cairo; CHUSHIEL, in Kairuan; Nathan ben Isaac Kohen, in Narbonne; and MOSES BEN CHANOCH, IN CORDOVA. Abusahal Dunash ben Tamim (900-960), physician in Kairuan. 946. _Sabbataï Donnolo_ (913-970), physician in Italy.