HISTORY OF THE MOORISH EMPIRE IN EUROPE BY S. P. SCOTT AUTHOR OF “THROUGH SPAIN” Corduba famosa locuples de nomine dicta, Inclyta deliciis, rebus quoque splendida cunctis HROSWITHA, PASSIO S. PELAGII IN THREE VOLUMES VOL. III. [Illustration: DROIT ET AVANT] PHILADELPHIA & LONDON J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY 1904 COPYRIGHT, 1904 BY J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY Published March, 1904 _Printed by J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, U. S. A._ CONTENTS OF VOLUME III. CHAPTER XXIII INFLUENCE OF THE MOORS ON EUROPE THROUGH THE EMPIRE OF FREDERICK II. AND THE STATES OF SOUTHERN FRANCE PAGE Permanence of Arab Ideas in the South of Europe--Social Corruption--Revolts against the Papacy--Antagonism of the Holy See and the German Empire--Consolidation of the Papal Power under Innocent III.--Civilizing Agencies in Sicily--Influence of the Normans as Heirs of the Arabs--Birth of Frederick II.--Character of Innocent III.--Genius of the Emperor--His Reforms--System of Jurisprudence--Commerce--Legislation--The University of Naples--The Medical School of Salerno--Character of Frederick--His Court--The South of France--Its Early Civilization--Cosmopolitan Character of its Population--Its Wealth, Intelligence, and Profligacy--Debased Condition of the Clergy--The University of Montpellier--The Troubadours--The Albigenses--Their Defiance of Rome--A Crusade is preached against Them--They are annihilated--Cruelty of the Crusaders--Parallel between the Civilization of Sicily and Languedoc--Survival of the Philosophical Principles and Opinions of the Thirteenth Century 1 CHAPTER XXIV THE SPANISH JEWS