Produced by Marilynda Fraser-Cunliffe, Richard J. Shiffer and the PG Online Distributed Proofreading Team. HISTORY OF THE NEGRO RACE IN AMERICA _FROM 1619 TO 1880._ NEGROES AS SLAVES, AS SOLDIERS, AND AS CITIZENS; TOGETHER WITH A PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATION OF THE UNITY OF THE HUMAN FAMILY, AN HISTORICAL SKETCH OF AFRICA, AND AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEGRO GOVERNMENTS OF SIERRA LEONE AND LIBERIA. BY GEORGE W. WILLIAMS, FIRST COLORED MEMBER OF THE OHIO LEGISLATURE, AND LATE JUDGE ADVOCATE OF THE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC OF OHIO, ETC. _IN TWO VOLUMES._ VOLUME I. 1619 TO 1800. NEW YORK: G.P. PUTNAM'S SONS, 27 AND 29 WEST 23D STREET. 1883. TO THE REV. JUSTIN DEWEY FULTON, D.D., OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK; AND TO THE HON. CHARLES FOSTER, GOVERNOR OF OHIO; WHO, AS CLERGYMAN AND STATESMAN, REPRESENT THE PUREST PRINCIPLES OF THE AMERICAN CHURCH AND STATE. To the Illustrious Representative of the Church of Christ: WHO, FOR A QUARTER OF A CENTURY, HAS STOOD THE INTREPID CHAMPION OF DIVINE TRUTH, AND THE DEFENDER OF HUMANITY: DURING THE DARK DAYS OF SLAVERY, PLEADING THE CAUSE OF THE BONDMEN OF THE LAND; DURING THE WAR, URGING THE EQUALITY OF NEGROES AS SOLDIERS, DURING RECONSTRUCTION, ENCOURAGING THE FREEDMEN TO NOBLE LIVES THROUGH THE AGENCY OF THE CHURCH AND THE SCHOOL, AND EVERMORE THE ENEMY OF ANY DISTINCTION BASED UPON RACE, COLOR, OR PREVIOUS CONDITION OF SERVITUDE. To the Distinguished Statesman: WHO, ENDUED WITH THE GENIUS OF COMMON SENSE, TOO EXALTED TO BE INFLAMED BY TEMPORARY PARTY OR FACTIONAL STRIFE, AND WHO, AS CONGRESSMAN AND GOVERNOR, IN STATE AND NATIONAL POLITICS, HAS PROVEN HIMSELF CAPABLE OF SACRIFICING PERSONAL INTEREST TO PUBLIC WELFARE; WHO, IN DEALING WITH THE NEGRO PROBLEM, HAS ASSERTED A NEW DOCTRINE IN IGNORING THE CLAIMS OF RACES: AND WHO, AS THE FIRST NORTHERN GOVERNOR TO APPOINT A COLORED MAN TO A POSITION OF PUBLIC TRUST, HAS THEREBY DECLARED THAT NEITHER NATIONALITY NOR COMPLEXION SHOULD ENHANCE OR IMPAIR THE CLAIMS OF MEN TO POSITIONS WITHIN THE GIFT OF THE EXECUTIVE.