History of the Negro Race in America from 1619 to 1880. Vol. 2: Negroes as Slaves, as Soldiers, and as CitizensWilliams, George Washington
History
History of the Negro Race in America from 1619 to 1880. Vol. 2: Negroes as Slaves, as Soldiers, and as Citizens
Williams, George Washington
African Americans -- History; Liberia; Sierra Leone
"_Sir_:--Yours of the 8th, in answer to mine of the 2d inst., is
just received. Assured that you, upon the ground, could better
judge of the necessities of your position than I could at this
distance, on seeing your proclamation of August 30th, I
perceived no general objection to it; the particular clause,
however, in relation to the confiscation of property and the
liberation of slaves, appeared to me to be objectionable in its
non-conformity to the Act of Congress, passed the 6th of last
August, upon the same subjects; and hence I wrote you, expressing
my wish that that clause should be modified accordingly. Your
answer, just received, expresses the preference on your part that
I should make an open order for the modification, which I very
cheerfully do. It is, therefore, ordered that the said clause of
said proclamation be so modified, held, and construed, as to
conform with, and not to transcend, the provisions on the same
subject contained in the Act of Congress entitled 'An Act to
Confiscate Property Used for Insurrectionary Purposes,' approved
August 6, 1861; and that the said act be published at length with
this order.
"Your obedient servant,
"A. LINCOLN."[86]
Gen. Fremont's removal followed speedily. He was in advance of the
slow coach at Washington, and was sent where he could do no harm to
the enemy of the country, by emancipating Negroes. It seems as if
there were nothing else left for Gen. Fremont to do but to free the
slaves in his military district. They were the bone and sinew of
Confederate resistance. It was to weaken the enemy that the general
struck down this peculiar species of property, upon which the enemy of
the country relied so entirely.
Major-Gen. David Hunter assumed command at Hilton Head, South
Carolina, on the 31st of March, 1862. On the 9th of May he issued the
following "General Order:"
"HEADQUARTERS DEP'T OF THE SOUTH,
"HILTON HEAD, S. C., May 9, 1862.
"_General Order_, No. 11.
"The three States of Georgia, Florida, and South Carolina,
comprising the Military Department of the South, having
deliberately declared themselves no longer under the United
States of America, and, having taken up arms against the United
States, it becomes a military necessity to declare them under
martial law.
"This was accordingly done on the 25th day of April, 1862.
Slavery and martial law in a free country are altogether
incompatible. The persons in these States--Georgia, Florida, and
South Carolina--heretofore held as slaves, are therefore declared
forever free."[87]
But the President, in ten days after its publication, rescinded the
order of General Hunter, in the following Proclamation:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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