Intelligent Interest of Free Negroes in the Agitation Movement.--"First Annual Convention of the People of Color" held at Philadelphia.--Report of the Committee on the Establishment of a College for Young Men of Color.--Provisional Committee appointed in each City.--Conventional Address.--Second Convention held at Benezet Hall, Philadelphia.--Resolutions of the Meeting.--Conventional Address.--The Massachusetts General Colored Association.--Convention of Anti-slavery Women of America at New York.--Prejudice against admitting Negroes into White Societies.--Colored Orators.--Their Eloquent Pleas for their Enslaved Race 61 CHAPTER VII. NEGRO INSURRECTIONS. The Negro not so Docile as supposed.--The Reason why he was kept in Bondage.--Negroes possessed Courage but lacked Leaders.--Insurrection of Slaves.--Gen. Gabriel as a Leader.--Negro Insurrection planned in South Carolina.--Evils of, revealed.--The "Nat. Turner" Insurrection in South Hampton County, Virginia.--The Whites arm themselves to repel the Insurrectionists.--Capture and Trial of "Nat. Turner."--His Execution.--Effect of the Insurrection upon Slaves and Slave-holders 82 CHAPTER VIII. THE "AMISTAD" CAPTIVES. The Spanish Slaver "Amistad" sails from Havana, Cuba, for Porto Principe.--Fifty-four Native Africans on Board.--Joseph Cinquez, the Son of an African Prince.--The "Amistad" captured and taken into New London, Conn.--Trial and Release of the Slaves.--Tour through the United States.--Return to their Native Country in Company with Missionaries.--The Anti-slavery Cause benefited by their Stay in the United States.--Their Appreciation of Christian Civilization 93 Part 6. _THE PERIOD OF PREPARATION._ CHAPTER IX. NORTHERN SYMPATHY AND SOUTHERN SUBTERFUGES. 1850-1860. Violent Treatment of Anti-slavery Orators.--The South misinterprets the Mobocratic Spirit of the North.--The "Garrisonians" and "Calhounites."--Slave Population of 1830-1850.--The Thirty-first Congress.--Motion for the Admission of New Mexico and California.--The Democratic and Whig Parties on the Treatment of the Slave Question.--Convention of the Democratic Party at Baltimore, Maryland.--Nomination of Franklin Pierce for President.--Whig Party Convention.--Nomination of Gen. Winfield Scott for the Presidency by the Whigs.--Mr. Pierce elected President in 1853.--A Bill introduced to repeal the "Missouri Compromise."--Speech by Stephen A. Douglass.--Mr. Chase's Reply.--An Act to organize the Territories of Kansas and Nebraska.--State Militia in the South make Preparations for War.--President Buchanan in Sympathy with the South. 97 CHAPTER X.