PAGE Introduction 6 Foreword 7 CHAPTER I—Pre-Ordinance Summary 9 CHAPTER II—History of the Ordinance of 1787 16 CHAPTER III—The First Settlement of the Northwest Territory under the Ordinance of 1787 30 CHAPTER IV—The Beginnings of Government 45 CHAPTER V—Growth of Settlements 50 CHAPTER VI—Evolution of the Northwest Territory 66 CHAPTER VII—Significance of the Ordinance of 1787 75 Bibliography 85 School Contests 91 INTRODUCTION The Northwest Territory Celebration Commission, created by Congress to design and execute plans for commemorating the passage of the Ordinance of 1787 and the establishment of the Northwest Territory, takes pleasure in presenting this brief outline of the history involved, to the public, and particularly to the schools, whose students of today will be our citizens almost before we realize it. Through the study of the thinking and the deeds of ordinary American people during the formative—usually called “critical”—period of our nation’s history, even though not so exciting or colorful as were battles and heroes, we may find some understanding of how this nation attained greatness, and provide inspiration to our own and future generations. Through the years vast amounts of material and substantiating evidence have come to light, and as historians have been able to view this formative period in perspective, it has assumed an ever-increasing importance in the foundation upon which our civilization rests. As yet, that accumulating recognition is largely scattered through a vast number of specialized studies and books, as various authorities have unearthed important and vital related facts. And so this commission has asked the state historians of the states of the Northwest Territory, with Dr. Harlow Lindley as chairman, and with such acceptable assistance as they might secure, to digest the available material into this brief but coordinated summary. It is impracticable and unnecessary, for the purposes of this book, to go into further original research. There is ample accurate material now available for these pages, the prime purpose of which is to give a fundamental knowledge to all whom it may reach, and to inspire a further study by those so inclined, to the end that America may know why America is, and what it really rests upon, and what may be our surest and soundest path for progress to the continued betterment of mankind through government. NORTHWEST TERRITORY CELEBRATION COMMISSION, GEORGE WHITE, _Chairman_ E. M. HAWES, _Executive Director_