Formation of a new Army 110 Embarrassments in the Formation of the Army 110 Persistence of the States in giving Extra Bounties 110 Bounty offered by Massachusetts 111 Army greatly reduced 111 Washington hindered in his Efforts to plan and carry out a Campaign 112 Applications for Troops to defend particular Neighborhoods 112 Battle of the Brandywine 113 The Congress leaves Philadelphia 113 Sir William Howe takes Possession of it 113 The Congress removes to Yorktown 113 They resolve to consider the Articles of Confederation 114 The Plan of a Confederacy submitted to the several Legislatures 114 Necessity for a National Government 114 End of the Revolutionary Government approaching 115 Want of a Civil Executive 115 States engaged in forming Governments 116 Colonies accustomed to the Business of Government 116 Practice of Representation familiar 117 Previous Political Training of the People 118 Distinctions between the Departments of Government 119 Ideas not yet applied to a General Government 120 Union of the People of the United States, as distinguished from a Union of the States, learned by a bitter Experience 122 First Stage in the Constitutional History of the Country 123 CHAPTER V. NOVEMBER, 1777-MARCH, 1781. ADOPTION OF THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION.--CESSIONS OF WESTERN TERRITORY.--FIRST POLITICAL UNION OF THE STATES. Adoption of the Articles of Confederation 124 Causes which delayed the Adoption of the Confederation 125 Changes of the Members of Congress 126 The present Congress compared with that of 1776 127 Objections made to the Articles of Confederation 128 Propositions for Amendments rejected 129 Objection made by the State of New Jersey 129 Their Suggestion rejected 130 Claims of the Larger States to Vacant Lands 131 Objection of the Smaller States 131 Assent of Maryland to the Confederation withheld 133