Transcriber’s Note Sidenotes are shown in UPPER-CASE and enclosed in ♦DIAMOND SYMBOLS♦; italic text is enclosed in _underscores_. Other notes will be found at the end of this eBook. HISTORY OF THE PENINSULAR WAR. LONDON: PRINTED BY THOMAS DAVISON, WHITEFRIARS. HISTORY OF THE PENINSULAR WAR. “Unto thee “Let thine own times as an old story be.” DONNE. BY ROBERT SOUTHEY, ESQ. LL.D. POET LAUREATE, HONORARY MEMBER OF THE ROYAL SPANISH ACADEMY, OF THE ROYAL SPANISH ACADEMY OF HISTORY, OF THE ROYAL INSTITUTE OF THE NETHERLANDS, OF THE CYMMRODORION, OF THE MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY, ETC. A NEW EDITION. _IN SIX VOLUMES._ VOL. I. LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE-STREET. MDCCCXXVIII. Ἱστορίας γὰρ ἐὰν ἀφέλῃ τις τὸ διὰ τί, καὶ πῶς, καὶ τίνος χάριν ἐπράχθη, καὶ τὸ πραχθὲν πότερα εὔλογον ἔσχε τὸ τέλος, τὸ καταλειπόμενον αὐτῆς ἀγώνισμα μὲν, μάθημα δὲ οὐ γίγνεται· καὶ παραυτίκα μὲν τέρπει, πρὸς δὲ τὸ μέλλον οὐδὲν ὠφελεῖ τὸ παράπαν. POLYBIUS, lib. iii. sect. 31. TO THE KING. SIR, It is with peculiar fitness, as well as pleasure, that I inscribe to your Majesty a History of the most glorious war recorded in the British annals. When the Regency devolved into your hands, the fortunes of our allies were at the lowest ebb, and neither arts nor efforts were spared for making the spirit of this country sink with them. At that momentous crisis every thing depended, under Providence, upon your single determination; and to that determination Great Britain is beholden for its triumph, and Europe for its deliverance. To your Majesty, therefore, this faithful History is offered, as a portion of the tribute due to a just, magnanimous, and splendid reign, and as a proof of individual respect and gratitude from Your Majesty’s Most dutiful subject and servant, ROBERT SOUTHEY. PREFACE.