"The kingdom of the _Ying keih le_ is a dependent or tributary state[10] to _Ho lan_ (Holland). Their garments and manners in eating and drinking are the same. This kingdom is rather rich. The males use much cloth and like to drink wine. The females, before marriage, bind the waist, being desirous to look slender; their hair hangs in curls over the neck; they use a short garment and petticoats, but dress in a larger cloth when they go out. They take snuff out of boxes made from gold and threads." This extract is taken from the "_Register of the Tribute as recorded under the present dynasty_." "_Ying keih le_ is a kingdom composed of three islands: it is in the middle of four kingdoms, called _Lin yin_:[11] _Hwang ke_, the _yellow flag_ (Denmark), _Ho lan_, and _Fo lang se_. The _Great Western Ocean_ (Europe) worships the Lord of Heaven; and there are, firstly, _She pan ya_ (Spain), _Poo ke[)u]h ya_ (Portugal), the _yellow flag_, &c.; but there are too many kingdoms to nominate them one by one. Ying keih le is a kingdom which produces silver, woollen cloths,[12] camlets, _peih ke_, or English cloth, called long ells,[13] glass, and other things of this kind." This extract is taken from the _Hae kw[)o] hëen këen l[)u]h_, book i. p. 34 v. 35 r; and I am sorry to see that in the "Memoirs" it is abbreviated in such a manner that the sense is materially changed. "_Ying keih le_," says the author of the _Hae kwo hëen këen l[)u]h_ (l. c.), "is a realm composed out of three islands. To the west and the north of the four kingdoms of _Lin yin_, the _Yellow flag_, _Holan_, and _Fo lang se_, is the ocean. From Lin yin the ocean takes its direction to the east, and surrounds _Go lo sse_ (Russia); and from Go lo sse, yet more to the east, _Se me le_ (Siberia?). Through the northern sea you cannot sail; the sea is frozen, and does not thaw, and for this reason it is called the _Frozen Ocean_. From Lin yin, to the south, are the various empires of the _Woo_ and _Kwei_ (_Crows_ and _Demons_), and they all belong to _the red-haired people_ of the _Great Western Ocean_. On the west and on the north there are different barbarians under various names; * * * * * but they are, in one word, similar to the Go lo sse (Russians), who stay in the metropolis (Pekin). It is said that the _Kaou chun peih mow_ (?) are similar to the inhabitants of the _Middle Empire_; they are of a vigorous body and an ingenious mind. All that they produce is fine and strong; their attention is directed to making fire-arms. They make researches in astronomy and geography, and generally they do not marry. Every kingdom has a particular language, and they greet one another by taking off the hat. They worship," &c. (The same as p. xxx.)