There remained no alternative then but to confide the supreme authority in the Church to the State; and this is what was generally done in the sixteenth century. But men of the greatest experience in these matters have agreed that the government of the religious society by the civil power can only be a temporary expedient, and have universally proclaimed the great principle, 'that the essence of all society is to be governed by itself.'[58] To deny this axiom would be utterly contrary not only to liberty, but, further still, contrary to justice. We must not forget when we speak of the relations between Church and State, that there are three different systems:—the government of the Church by the State; the union of the Church, governing itself, with the State; and their complete separation. There is no reason for pronouncing here upon the relative value of the two last systems. [36] 'Which we should answer to afore God.'—_State Papers_, i. p. 403. [37] 'Cui uni et soli, post Jesum Christum.'—Rymer, _Acta_, p. 192. [38] 'Erga castum sanctumque matrimonium.'—_Ibid._ [39] 'In quæstione illa famosa de Romani pontificis potestate.'—Wilkins, _Concilia_, iii. p. 771. [40] 'Nemine eorum discrepante.'—Wilkins, _Concilia_, p. 782. [41] 'But of Boheme, Italy, and Almayn, as also out of Spain, to invade his realm.'—Certain Articles. _State Papers_, vii. p. 560. [42] It has been supposed that this was the Duke of Guise (Froude, _History of England_); but a devoted papist, such as Guise, would not have been concerned in a negotiation opposed to the orders of the pope. The _State Papers_ (vii. p. 562) and the index affixed to the seventh volume both say _Guiche_ or _Guysche_. [43] _State Papers_, vii. pp. 559-564. [44] Latimer: _Remains_, p. 366. [45] Wilkins, _Concilia_, iii. p. 772. [46] 'And his name and memory to be never more remembered except to his contumely and reproach.'—Wilkins, _Concilia_, p. 773. [47] 'Make diligent search and wait.'—King's proclamation. Foxe, _Acts and Monuments_, v. p. 70. _Wait_ properly signifies _ambuscade_. [48] 'Sigilla de cera rubea.'—See for the pattern and the signatures, Rymer, _Acta_, vii. pp. 185-209. [49] 1 Peter ii. 9. [50] Acts i. 15. [51] Acts vi. 2. [52] 2 Cor. viii. 19. [53] _Digesta_, lib. I. tit. ii.; _De decurione_, No. 2. [54] 1 Timothy iii.; Titus i. [55] Ephesians iv. 11; vi. 21; Colossians i. 7; 1 Timothy iv. 6. [56] The Thirty-nine Articles. [57] Luther, _De missa Germanica_. [58] Grotius, _De imperatoris summa potestate circa sacra_. CHAPTER III. BEGINNING OF DANGER FOR THE QUEEN AND FOR TYNDALE. (1534 TO AUGUST 1535.) Two persons were at this time specially dreaded by the Roman party: one was at the summit of the grandeurs of the world, the other at the summit of the grandeurs of faith—the queen and Tyndale. The hour of trial was approaching for both of them.