General Movement--The Monks--How the Reformation was carried on--Unlearned Believer--The Old and the New Doctors--Printing and Literature--Bookselling and Colportage 96 CHAPTER XII. Luther at Zwickau--The Castle of Freyberg--Worms--Frankfort-- Universal Movement--Wittemberg the Centre of the Reformation-- Luther's Sentiments 104 BOOK X. AGITATION, REVERSES, AND PROGRESS. 1522-1526. CHAPTER I. Political Element--Want of Enthusiasm at Rome--Siege of Pampeluna--Courage of Ignatius--Transition--Luther and Loyola-- Visions--Two Principles 111 CHAPTER II. Victory of the Pope--Death of Leo X.--The Oratory of Divine Love--Adrian VI.--Plan of Reform--Opposition 120 CHAPTER III. Diet of Nuremberg--Soliman's Invasion--The Nuncio calls for Luther's Death--The Nuremberg Preachers--Promise of Reform-- Grievances of the Nation--Decree of the Diet--Fulminating Letter of the Pope--Luther's Advice 125 CHAPTER IV. Persecution--Exertions of Duke George--The Convent at Antwerp-- Miltenberg--The Three Monks of Antwerp--The Scaffold--The Martyrs of Brussels 135 CHAPTER V. The New Pope, Clement VII.--The Legate Campeggio--Diet of Nuremberg--Demand of the Legate--Reply of the Diet--A Secular Council projected--Alarm and Exertions of the Pope--Bavaria-- League of Ratisbon--Severity and Reforms--Political Schism-- Opposition--Intrigues of Rome--Decree of Burgos--Rupture 142 CHAPTER VI. Persecution--Gaspard Tauber--A Bookseller--Cruelties in Wurtemberg, Salzburg, and Bavaria--Pomerania--Henry of Zuphten 151 CHAPTER VII. Divisions--The Lord's Supper--Two Extremes--Hoen's Discovery-- Carlstadt--Luther--Mysticism of the enthusiasts--Carlstadt at Orlamund--Luther's Mission--Interview at Table--The Conference of Orlamund--Carlstadt banished 156 CHAPTER VIII. Progress--Resistance against the Ratisbon Leaguers--Meeting between Philip of Hesse and Melancthon--The Landgrave converted to the Gospel--The Palatinate--Luneburg--Holstein--The Grand-Master at Wittemberg 166 CHAPTER IX. Reforms--All Saints Church--Fall of the Mass--Learning-- Christian Schools--Learning extended to the Laity--The Arts--Moral Religion--Esthetical Religion--Music--Poetry-- Painting 170 CHAPTER X. Political Ferment--Luther against Rebellion--Thomas Munzer-- Agitation--The Black Forest--The twelve Articles--Luther's Opinion--Helfenstein--March of the Peasants--March of the Imperial Army--Defeat of the Peasants--Cruelty of the Princes 179 CHAPTER XI.