Charles at Yuste--His Mode of Life--Interest in Public Affairs--Celebrates his Obsequies--Last Illness--Death and Character 120 Book II. CHAPTER I. VIEW OF THE NETHERLANDS. Civil Institutions--Commercial Prosperity--Character of the People--Protestant Doctrines--Persecution by Charles the Fifth 146 CHAPTER II. SYSTEM ESTABLISHED BY PHILIP. Unpopular Manners of Philip--He enforces the Edicts--Increase of the Bishoprics--Margaret of Parma Regent--Meeting of the States-General--Their spirited Conduct--Organization of the Councils--Rise and Character of Granvelle--Philip's Departure 157 CHAPTER III. PROTESTANTISM IN SPAIN. Philip's Arrival in Spain--The Reformed Doctrines--Their Suppression--Autos da Fé--Prosecution of Carranza--Extinction of Heresy--Fanaticism of the Spaniards 170 CHAPTER IV. PHILIP'S THIRD MARRIAGE. Reception of Isabella--Marriage Festivities--The Queen's Mode of Life--The Court removed to Madrid 183 CHAPTER V. DISCONTENT IN THE NETHERLANDS. The Reformation--Its Progress in the Netherlands--General Discontent--William of Orange 192 CHAPTER VI. OPPOSITION TO THE GOVERNMENT. Grounds of Complaint--The Spanish Troops--The New Bishoprics--Influence of Granvelle--Opposed by the Nobles--His Unpopularity 201 CHAPTER VII. GRANVELLE COMPELLED TO WITHDRAW. League against Granvelle--Margaret desires his Removal--Philip deliberates--Granvelle dismissed--Leaves the Netherlands 213 CHAPTER VIII. CHANGES DEMANDED BY THE LORDS. Policy of Philip--Ascendancy of the Nobles--The Regent's Embarrassments--Egmont sent to Spain 226 CHAPTER IX. PHILIP'S INFLEXIBILITY. Philip's Duplicity--His Procrastination--Despatches from Segovia--Effect on the Country--The Compromise--Orange and Egmont 238 CHAPTER X. THE CONFEDERATES. Design of the Confederates--They enter Brussels--The Petition--The Gueux 253 CHAPTER XI. FREEDOM OF WORSHIP. The Edicts suspended--The Sectaries--The Public Preachings--Attempt to suppress them--Meeting at St. Trond--Philip's Concessions 260 CHAPTER XII. THE ICONOCLASTS. Cathedral of Antwerp sacked--Sacrilegious Outrages--Alarm at Brussels--Churches granted to Reformers--Margaret repents her Concessions--Feeling at Madrid--Sagacity of Orange--His Religious Opinions 273 CHAPTER XIII. THE REGENT'S AUTHORITY REËSTABLISHED. Reaction--Appeal to Arms--Tumult in Antwerp--Siege of Valenciennes--The Government triumphant 290 CHAPTER XIV. TRANQUILLITY RESTORED.