Efforts of French Protestants in Switzerland and Germany 191 Intercession of Strasbourg, Basle, etc. 191 Unsatisfactory Reply by Anne de Montmorency 193 CHAPTER VI. 1535-1545. CALVIN AND GENEVA--MORE SYSTEMATIC PERSECUTION BY THE KING 193 Changed Attitude of Francis 193 Occasioned by the "Placards" 194 Margaret of Navarre and Roussel 195 The French Reformation becomes a Popular Movement 196 Independence of Geneva secured by Francis 197 John Calvin's Childhood 198 He studies in Paris and Orleans 199 Change of Religious Views at Bourges 199 His Commentary on Seneca's "De Clementia" 200 Escapes from Paris to Angoulême 201 Leaves France 202 The "Christian Institutes" 202 Address to Francis the First 203 Calvin wins instant Celebrity 204 The Court of Renée of Ferrara 205 Her History and Character 206 Calvin's alleged Visit to Aosta 207 He visits Geneva 208 Farel's Vehemence 209 Calvin consents to remain 210 His Code of Laws for Geneva 210 His View of the Functions of the State 210 Heretics to be constrained by the Sword 211 Calvin's View that of the other Reformers 212 And even of Protestant Martyrs 212 Calvin longs for Scholarly Quiet 213 His Mental Constitution 214 Ill-health and Prodigious Labors 214 Friendly and Inimical Estimates 214 Violent Persecutions throughout France 216 Royal Edict of Fontainebleau (June 1, 1540) 218 Increased Severity, and Appeal cut off 218 Exceptional Fairness of President Caillaud 219 Letters-Patent from Lyons (Aug. 30, 1542) 220 The King and the Sacramentarians 221 Ordinance of Paris (July 23, 1543) 221