History of the Scottish expedition to Norway in 1612Michell, Thomas
History
History of the Scottish expedition to Norway in 1612
Michell, Thomas
Norway -- History -- Scottish Expedition, 1612
The overtures of Sweden and the offered mediation of Great Britain
and other powers were rejected by Denmark, and the war was thereupon
continued with great vigour, but with varying success on either
side. However, in the early summer of 1612 the Danes took the
important fortresses of Elfsborg and Gullberg, and having the entire
command of the Cattegat and the Belts, cut off Sweden from the sea.
Later, the Danish fleet anchored inside the rocks at Stockholm, of
which the seizure was averted only by the bold strategy of Gustavus
Adolphus.
This abortive attempt on the capital of Sweden practically concluded
the war. Peace was ultimately signed at Knäröd, in Halland, January
18, 1613.[15]
During that war the Danish monarch had in his service about eighteen
thousand English,[16] French, and German mercenaries; while Gustavus
Adolphus, having on his side[17] only one foreign regiment of
eight or nine companies, soon found himself "in need of foreign
soldiers as well, wherewith to check the attacks of the enemy."[18]
Charles IX. had indeed foreseen such a necessity, but no action
was apparently taken in that direction until the month of November
1611, when Gustavus Adolphus addressed to Sir James Spens the letter
or commission already mentioned, and when also the Queen Dowager
of Sweden issued an order[19] for the payment of 10,500 rigsdaller
out of a fund at Lübeck to Mönnichhofen, then preparing to proceed
to the Netherlands for the enlistment of men, who, according to
the letter addressed to Sir James Spens, were to have joined the
Scottish auxiliary contingent at Elfsborg. On the 2nd December 1611
Mönnichhofen[20] was appointed commander-in-chief of the Swedish
ships-of-war with which he was to have sailed from Elfsborg and
brought back his levies. Money being apparently scarce, orders were
given that he should be supplied with a certain quantity of ox-hides,
for sale on his arrival in Holland, to meet the further expenses of
his expedition. But the original plan of fetching and transporting
the Netherlands levies in Swedish ships-of-war was ultimately
abandoned, and Mönnichhofen reached Holland by another route.
The letters discovered at Stockholm by Dr. Yngvar Nielsen prove
that Mönnichhofen had by the 1st June 1612 embarked a force of
about twelve hundred men at Amsterdam on board four ships, which
were detained for five weeks by contrary winds. Mönnichhofen had,
therefore, the Swedish agent writes, incurred "extraordinary
expenses, to the extent of at least four thousand thalers, in
providing the men in the small ships with food and drink, and had
consequently to pledge and mortgage all he possessed." He had "also
encountered much difficulty and incurred great expense in keeping his
men together even before the ships lay wind-bound."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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