Clothing—Domestic and Farming Implements—Style of Dress eighty years ago—Clothing of the Refuges—Disbanded Soldiers—No Fresh Supply—Indian Garments of Skin—Deerskin Pants—Petticoats—Bed Coverings—Cultivating Flax—Sheep—Home-made Clothes—Rude Implements—Fulling—French Mode—Lindsay Woolsey—The Spinning-wheel—Young men Selecting Wives—Bees—Marriage Portion— Every Farmer his own Tanner and Shoemaker—Fashions—How odd hours were spent—Home-made Shoes—What Blankets were made of—Primitive Bedstead—Nakedness—Bridal Apparel—No Saddles—Kingston and Newark—Little Money—Bartering—Merchants from Albany—Unable to buy—Credit with Merchants—The Results—Itinerant Mechanics— Americans—Become Canadians—An old Stone-mason—Wooden Dishes— Making Spoons—Other Hardships—Indians Friendly—Effects of Alcohol upon the Mississaugas—Groundless Panic—Drunken Indians— Women, defending Themselves—An erroneous Statement about Indian Massacre in “Dominion Monthly Magazine”—Statement of an Old Settler, Sherwood—Wild Beasts—Few Fire-arms—Narrow Escapes— Depredations at Night—Destroying Stock—An Act of Parliament—“A traveller’s statement”—The Day of Small Things—Settlers Contented—The Extent of their Ambition—Reward of Industry— Population in 1808—Importations—Money—The Youth 211 CHAPTER XXI. Sweat of the brow—No beast of burden—No stock—Except by a few— Horses and oxen—From Lower Canada—York State—Late comers, brought some—No fodder—First stock in Adolphustown—Incidents— Cock and hens—“Tipler”—Cattle driving—First cow in Thurlow—First house in Marysburgh—The first oxen—No market for butter and cheese—Sheep—Rev. Mr. Stuart, as an Agriculturist—Horses at Napanee—An offer for a yoke of steers 220 CHAPTER XXII. Old channels of trade, and travel—Art and science—New channels—The wilderness—Loyalists Travelling on foot, from Kingston to York— Formation of roads—Act of parliament—1793—Its provisions—Crooked roads—Foot-path—Bridle-path—King’s highway from Lower Canada— When surveyed—Road from Kingston westward—Its course—Simcoe’s military road—Dundas street—Asa Danforth—Contract with government—Road from Kingston to Ancaster—Danforth road—1799— Misunderstandings—Danforth’s pamphlets—Slow improvement—Cause— Extract from Gourlay—Thomas Markland’s report—Ferries—1796—Acts of parliament—Statute labor—Money grants—Commissioners—Midland district—Distribution—The Cataraqui Bridge Company—The petitioners—An act—The provisions—The plan of building—The bridge—Toll—Completing the bridge—Improvements of roads—McAdam— Declines a knighthood 224 CHAPTER XXIII.