In an old account book, now before us, for which we are indebted to Mr. P. C. Clarke, of Collinsby, and which belonged to his grandfather, Robert Clarke, who built the Napanee Mills, we find the following entry. “Appenea Falls, 23rd November, 1785. “Acct. of work for Adam Bower with his horses. Dec. 3, To day’s work, do., &c. He continued to work for sixty-two days with his horses.” The following supplies valuable information: “Appanne Mills, 3rd Aug. 1788. “Messrs. Collins and Frobisher, Dr.” &c. (They must have been agents for the Government). “Aug. 21st. To David Bradshaw, one day with his oxen, 6s. June 11. To Samuel Browson, Jun’r., 2 days work with two yoke of oxen, at 10s. March 28th. To 11½ days, Adam Arehart, with a span of horses, at 6s. “1789. Oct. 1. To Asa Richard; 9 days work with a pair of horses and a woman, at 9s.” There is a memorandum in Robert Clarke’s book, as follows: “Mr. Joseph Crane got at Canada” (it will be remembered that the first settlers spoke of the Lower Province as Canada) “a bay horse six years old. A brown mare four years old. Second Township, 13th March, 1787.” The Dempsey’s drove in, 100 miles, some cattle in 1789 to Ameliasburgh. He was offered 200 acres of land for a yoke of four-year-old steers, which offer he refused. At another time he was offered 100 acres for a cow. CHAPTER XXII. CONTENTS—Old Channels of Trade, and Travel—Art and Science—New Channels—The Wilderness—Loyalists Traveling on Foot, from Kingston to York—Formation of Roads—Act of Parliament—1793—Its Provisions— Crooked Roads—Foot-path—Bridle-path—King’s Highway from Lower Canada—When Surveyed—Road from Kingston Westward—Its Course— Simcoe’s Military Road—Dundas Street—Asa Danforth—Contract with Government—Road from Kingston to Ancaster—Danforth Road—1799— Misunderstandings—Danforth’s Pamphlets—Slow Improvement—Cause— Extract from Gourlay—Thomas Markland’s Report—Ferries—1796—Acts of Parliament—Statute Labor—Money Grants—Commissioners—Midland District—Distribution—The Cataraqui Bridge Company—The Petitioners—An Act—The Provisions—The Plan of Building—The Bridge— Toll—Completing the Bridge—Improvement of Roads—McAdam—Declines a Knighthood. THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS THROUGH THE WILDERNESS. The channels followed by the Europeans, as they penetrated the unknown wilderness of America, were those indicated by the Indians, who had themselves for centuries followed them, in their pursuit after the chase, or when upon the war path. The great routes mentioned elsewhere, are the natural ones, and no other could have been pursued. It was only when art and science followed emigration to the new world that new channels were opened up, and the canal and railroad superseded the old devious ways along the windings of rivers.