R. Usher, _The Pilgrims and Their History_. =Questions= 1. America has been called a nation of immigrants. Explain why. 2. Why were individuals unable to go alone to America in the beginning? What agencies made colonization possible? Discuss each of them. 3. Make a table of the colonies, showing the methods employed in their settlement. 4. Why were capital and leadership so very important in early colonization? 5. What is meant by the "melting pot"? What nationalities were represented among the early colonists? 6. Compare the way immigrants come to-day with the way they came in colonial times. 7. Contrast indentured servitude with slavery and serfdom. 8. Account for the anxiety of companies and proprietors to secure colonists. 9. What forces favored the heavy importation of slaves? 10. In what way did the North derive advantages from slavery? =Research Topics= =The Chartered Company.=--Compare the first and third charters of Virginia in Macdonald, _Documentary Source Book of American History_, 1606-1898, pp. 1-14. Analyze the first and second Massachusetts charters in Macdonald, pp. 22-84. Special reference: W.A.S. Hewins, _English Trading Companies_. =Congregations and Compacts for Self-government.=--A study of the Mayflower Compact, the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut and the Fundamental Articles of New Haven in Macdonald, pp. 19, 36, 39. Reference: Charles Borgeaud, _Rise of Modern Democracy_, and C.S. Lobingier, _The People's Law_, Chaps. I-VII. =The Proprietary System.=--Analysis of Penn's charter of 1681, in Macdonald, p. 80. Reference: Lodge, _Short History of the English Colonies in America_, p. 211. =Studies of Individual Colonies.=--Review of outstanding events in history of each colony, using Elson, _History of the United States_, pp. 55-159, as the basis. =Biographical Studies.=--John Smith, John Winthrop, William Penn, Lord Baltimore, William Bradford, Roger Williams, Anne Hutchinson, Thomas Hooker, and Peter Stuyvesant, using any good encyclopedia. =Indentured Servitude.=--In Virginia, Lodge, _Short History_, pp. 69-72; in Pennsylvania, pp. 242-244. Contemporary account in Callender, _Economic History of the United States_, pp. 44-51. Special reference: Karl Geiser, _Redemptioners and Indentured Servants_ (Yale Review, X, No. 2 Supplement). =Slavery.=--In Virginia, Lodge, _Short History_, pp. 67-69; in the Northern colonies, pp. 241, 275, 322, 408, 442. =The People of the Colonies.=--Virginia, Lodge, _Short History_, pp. 67-73; New England, pp. 406-409, 441-450; Pennsylvania, pp. 227-229, 240-250; New York, pp. 312-313, 322-335. CHAPTER II COLONIAL AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY, AND COMMERCE THE LAND AND THE WESTWARD MOVEMENT