While these portentous events were passing rapidly before the eyes of Europe, no undue haste marked Madison’s movements. Champagny’s letter of Jan. 15, 1808, arrived and was sent to Congress toward the end of March; but although the United States quickly knew by heart Napoleon’s phrase, “War exists in fact between England and the United States, and his Majesty considers it as declared from the day on which England published her decrees;” although Rose departed March 22, and the embargo was shaped into a system of coercion long before Rose’s actual departure,--yet Congress waited until April 22 before authorizing the President to suspend the embargo, if he could succeed in persuading or compelling England or France to withdraw the belligerent decrees; and not until May 2--the famous Dos de Maio--did Madison send to Armstrong instructions which were to guide that minister through the dangers of Napoleonic diplomacy. The Secretary began by noticing Champagny’s letter of January 15, which had assumed to declare war for the United States government. “That [letter],” said Madison,[248] “... has, as you will see by the papers herewith sent, produced all the sensations here which the spirit and style of it were calculated to excite in minds alive to the interests and honor of the nation. To present to the United States the alternative of bending to the views of France against her enemy, or of incurring a confiscation of all the property of their citizens carried into the French prize courts, implied that they were susceptible of impressions by which no independent and honorable nation can be guided; and to prejudge and pronounce for them the effect which the conduct of another nation ought to have on their councils and course of proceeding, had the air at least of an assumed authority not less irritating to the public feeling. In these lights the President makes it your duty to present to the French government the contents of Mr. Champagny’s letter; taking care, as your discretion will doubtless suggest, that while you make that Government sensible of the offensive tone employed, you leave the way open for friendly and respectful explanations, if there be a disposition to offer them, and for a decision here on any reply which may be of a different character.” While Armstrong waited for Napoleon’s “friendly and respectful explanations,” he was to study the Act of Congress which vested in the President an authority to suspend the embargo:-- “The conditions on which the suspending authority is to be exercised will engage your particular attention. They appeal equally to the justice and the policy of the two great belligerent Powers now emulating each other in violations of both. The President counts on your best endeavors to give to this appeal all the effect possible with the French government. Mr. Pinkney will be doing the same with that of Great Britain.”