History of the United States of America, Volume 4 (of 9) : $b During the second administration of Thomas JeffersonAdams, Henry
History
History of the United States of America, Volume 4 (of 9) : $b During the second administration of Thomas Jefferson
Adams, Henry
United States -- History -- 1801-1809; United States -- History -- 1809-1817
The man whom Canning charged with this unpleasant duty was the same
Jackson whose appointment as Minister to the United States had been
opposed by Rufus King, and who had subsequently gone as British
minister to Berlin. Jackson’s dogmatic temper and overbearing manners
made him obnoxious even to the clerks of the Foreign Office;[42] but
he was a favorite with Lord Malmesbury, who since Pitt’s death had
become Canning’s political mentor, and Lord Malmesbury’s influence was
freely used in Jackson’s behalf. Obeying his instructions, the British
envoy went to Kiel and had an interview with the Prince Royal early
in August, at about the time when Napoleon issued his first orders to
Bernadotte. The Prince could only refuse with indignation Jackson’s
demand, and sent orders to Copenhagen to prepare for attack. He was in
the situation of Barron on the “Chesapeake.” Copenhagen had hardly a
gun in position, and no troops to use in defence.
The British demand was in itself insulting enough, but Jackson’s way
of presenting it was said to have been peculiarly offensive, and
London soon rang with stories of his behavior to the unfortunate
Prince Royal.[43] Even the King of England seemed to think that his
agent needed rebuke. Lord Eldon, who was one of the advisers and
most strenuous supporters of the attack on Copenhagen,--although he
said in private that the story made his heart ache and his blood run
cold,--used to relate,[44] on the authority of old King George himself,
that when Jackson was presented at Court on his return from Copenhagen
the King abruptly asked him, “Was the Prince Royal upstairs or down,
when he received you?” “He was on the ground floor,” replied Jackson.
“I am glad of it! I am glad of it!” rejoined the old King; “for if he
had half the spirit of his uncle George III., he would infallibly have
kicked you downstairs.” The Prince did not kick Mr. Jackson, though the
world believed he had reason to do so, but he declined to accept the
British envoy’s remark that in war the weak must submit to the strong;
and Lord Gambier landed twenty thousand men, established batteries, and
for three days and nights, from September 1 to September 5, bombarded
Copenhagen. The city was neither invested nor assaulted nor intended
to be occupied; it was merely destroyed, little by little,--as a
bandit would cut off first an ear, then the nose, then a finger of
his victim, to hasten payment of a ransom. At the end of the third
day’s bombardment, when at last the Danish ships were delivered, the
bodies of near two thousand non-combatants lay buried in the smoking
ruins of about one half the city. At the same time all the Danish
merchant-vessels in English waters, with their cargoes, to the value
of ten million dollars, were seized and confiscated; while the Danish
factory in Bengal was, without warning, swept into England’s pouch.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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