his instruction of August 28, 1811, about Spanish America and Florida, 407, 408; his rupture with Russia and Sweden, 408–427; his order of May 4, 1811, opening his ports to American commerce, ii. 44, 59; probable amount of his spoliations, 247; his restrictions on American commerce, 247; goes to Holland, Sept. 19, 1811, 248; his interview with Joel Barlow, 249; his extension of the license system in January, 1812, 250; his seizure of Swedish Pomerania, 251, 252; his decree of St. Cloud, April 28, 1811, 255, 256; his departure for Poland, May 9, 1812, 258; enters Russia, 259, 288; his battle at Borodino, Sept. 7, 1812, 263; enters Moscow, Sept. 15, 1812, 263; begins his retreat, 264; his passage of the Beresina, 264; his return to Paris, December, 1812, 265. “National Intelligencer” on renewal of intercourse with Great Britain, i. 75; on Erskine’s disavowal, 109, 110; Joel Barlow’s letter in, 299. “Nautilus,” sloop-of-war, captured, ii. 369, 386. Navigation Act, moved by Macon, i. 183. Navy, in 1809, i. 168, 169; reductions in 1810, 200–207; opposed by Republican party, ii. 162; increase refused by Congress in January, 1812, 164; condition of, in June, 1812, 363, 364; distribution of, in September, 1812, 377, 378; movements and battles of, in 1812, 362–387; increase of, 436, 449. (See “Constitution,” “President,” “United States,” “Constellation,” “Chesapeake,” “Congress,” “Essex,” “Adams,” “Wasp,” “Hornet,” “Argus,” “Syren,” “Nautilus.”) Nelson, Roger, member of Congress from Maryland, i. 202, 203. New Hampshire, becomes Federalist in 1809, i. 13. New Orleans, i. 170. “New Orleans packet,” seized under the Berlin and Milan Decrees, ii. 8; by a “municipal operation,” 42, 43. New York city, described by F. J. Jackson, i. 213; population in 1810, 289. New York State, election of 1809, i. 13; banking mania in, ii. 208; election in May, 1812, 209; nominates De Witt Clinton to the presidency, 215; recruiting in, 305. Niagara, military importance of, ii. 304, 310; force at, 311, 320, 341, 344; force raised to six thousand men, 345; Van Rensselaer’s campaign at, 346–353; Alexander Smyth’s campaign at, 353–358; sickness of troops at, 359. Niagara, Fort. (See Fort Niagara.) Nicholas, Wilson Cary, member of Congress from Virginia, on the appointment of Gallatin as Secretary of State, i. 4, 5, 6; resigns from Congress, 76. Non-intercourse, list of measures, i. 194.