Origin of the Plan.—Organization.—Financial Basis.—Conclusion to Make it a World Affair.—To be at Philadelphia.—Building.—Opening Exercises.—The Main Building.—Arrangement and Contents.—The American Exhibit.—Machinery Hall.—The Corliss Engine.—Agricultural Hall.—Memorial Hall.—The Art Exhibit.—Horticultural Hall.—Minor Arrangements and Structures.—The Fourth of July Celebration.—Original Copy of the Declaration of Independence Read.—Interest in the Philadelphia Exposition. CHAPTER VII. ECONOMIC POLITICS Reduction of National Debt.—Refunding.—Surplus.—Tariff.—Its History since the War.—Policy of the Political Parties.—Tariffs of 1890 and 1894.—Trusts.—The Dollar of the Fathers.—Resumption of Specie Payments.—The Promissory Greenback.—Fiat Greenback Theory.—And Party.—Great Strike of 1877.—Labor Movement and Labor Question.—Corporations.—Their Evil Influence.—Counter-organizations.—Growth of our Urban Population. CHAPTER VIII. THE MARCH OF INDUSTRY. Progress in Cotton Manufacturing.—In Woollen, Iron, and Other.—In Travel.—New Submarine Cables.—First Pacific Railway.—Others.—Consolidation of Railways.—Electric Lighting.—Brooklyn Bridge.—Elevated Railways and New Modes of Surface Traction.—Telephone.—Black Friday.—Chicago Fire.—Boston Fire.—Hard Times of 1873.—Material Betterment for Last Two Decades. CHAPTER IX. END OF THE PERIOD. Contrast of New Things with Old.—Postal Arrangements.—Art.—Extension of Suffrage.—Woman's Rights.—Higher Education for Women.—Socialism and State Socialism.—Widened Scope of Governmental Action.—Restriction of Immigration.—Catholics.—Their Attitude to Public Schools.—Peril to Family.—Mormonism.—Divorce.—Danger from a Secular Spirit.—New Sense of Nationality.—Benign Results.—Greely Expedition to Polar Regions.—Lesson of our National Success to Other Nations.—Our Nation's Duty in World Affairs. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS THE WORLD'S FAIR AT CHICAGO. CENTRAL PORTION OF MACMONNIES FOUNTAIN--EFFECT OF ELECTRIC LIGHT. GENERAL JOHN POPE. GENERAL WILLIAM T. SHERMAN. THE BATTLE OF THE RAMS AT MEMPHIS, JUNE 6, 1862. FARRAGUT IN THE MAIN-RIGGING. (From the original by William Page). GENERAL HENRY W. HALLECK. GENERAL WILLIAM S. ROSECRANS. GENERAL GEORGE H. THOMAS. GENERAL JOSEPH HOOKER. THE BATTLE OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. (The "Battle above the Clouds "). GENERAL JAMES B. McPHERSON. GENERAL DAVID D. PORTER. GENERAL ROBERT E. LEE. GENERAL NATHANIEL P. BANKS. GENERAL J. E. B. STUART'S RAID UPON POPE'S HEADQUARTERS. AUGUST 22, 1862, WHEN POPE'S DESPATCH-BOOK FELL INTO THE HANDS OF THE CONFEDERATES. GENERAL THOMAS J. ("STONEWALL") JACKSON. GENERAL EDWIN V. SUMNER. GENERAL WINFIELD S. HANCOCK. GENERAL AMBROSE E. BURNSIDE. THE STONE WALL AT FREDERICKSBURG. GENERAL OLIVER O. HOWARD. GENERAL JOHN SEDGWICK. GENERAL JAMES LONGSTREET. GENERAL GEORGE G. MEADE. DEATH OF GENERAL SEDGWICK AT SPOTTSYLVANIA, MAY 9, 1864. GENERAL DAVID HUNTER. GENERAL LEE SIGNING THE TERMS OF SURRENDER AT APPOMATTOX COURT-HOUSE.