Of the Vaudois pastors only two now remained; and ministers hastened from Geneva and other places to the Valleys, lest the old lamp should go out. The services of the Waldensian Churches had hitherto been performed in the Italian tongue, but the new pastors could speak only French. Worship was henceforward conducted in that language, but the Vaudois soon came to understand it, their own ancient tongue being a dialect between the French and Italian. Another change introduced at this time was the assimilation of their ritual to that of Geneva. And further, the primitive and affectionate name of _Barba_ was dropped, and the modern title substituted, _Monsieur le Ministre_.[102] CHAPTER XIII. THE GREAT MASSACRE. Preliminary Attacks--The Propaganda de Fide--Marchioness de Pianeza--Gastaldo’s Order--Its Barbarous Execution-- Greater Sorrows--Perfidy of Pianeza--The Massacring Army--Its Attack and Repulse--Treachery--The Massacre Begins--Its Horrors--Modes of Torture--Individual Martyrs--Leger collects Evidence on the Spot--He Appeals to the Protestant States--Interposition of Cromwell--Mission of Sir Samuel Morland--A Martyr’s Monument. The first labour of the Waldenses, on the departure of the plague, was the re-organisation of society. There was not a house in all their Valleys where death had not been; all ties had been rent, the family was all but extinct; but now, the destroyer being gone, the scattered inhabitants began to draw together, and to join hand and heart in restoring the ruined churches, raising up the fallen habitations, and creating anew family and home. Other events of an auspicious kind, which occurred at this time, contributed to revive the spirits of the Waldenses, and to brighten with a gleam of hope the scene of the recent great catastrophe. The army took its departure, peace having been signed between the French monarch and the duke, and the Valleys returned once more under the dominion of the House of Savoy. A decade and a half of comparative tranquillity allowed the population to root itself anew, and their Valleys and mountain-sides to be brought again under tillage. Fifteen years--how short a breathing-space amid storms so awful!