Page 92, line 27, _for_ Agnas, _read_ Aguas. 202, __ 30, __ Catlin’s, Craufurd’s, _read_ Catlin Craufurd’s. 214, __ 32, __ above ridge, _read_ ridge above. 215, __ 2, __ deep, _read_ steep. 256, __ 17, __ Alhambra, _read_ Alhandra. 274, __ 9, __ of the first class _to be erased: it is an error_. 289, __ 27, __ tlme, _read_ time. 343, __ 7, __ Orma, _read_ Osma. 365, __ 16, __ Carella, _read_ Corella. 374, __ 1, __ Montejo, _read_ Montijo. 381, __ 9, __ were, _read_ was. 394, __ 11, __ Sahugan, _read_ Sahagun. 424, __ 30, __ wnose, _read_ whose. 425, __ 3, __ communications, _read_ communication. 428, __ 6, __ transports, _read_ transport. 426, __ 1, __ {one hundred thousand, _read_ one hundred and { seventy thousand. 464, __ 20, __ fine plain, _read_ plain. 468, __ 26, __ six guns, _read_ two guns. 481, __ 2, __ {who, having turned Villa Franca and scoured { the valley of the Syl, _read_ who, after { turning Villa Franca and scouring the valley { of the Syl. 483, __ 21, __ three or four hundred, _read_ three and four hundred. HISTORY OF THE PENINSULAR WAR. BOOK I. CHAPTER I. [Sidenote: Introduction.] The hostility of the European aristocracy caused the enthusiasm of republican France to take a military direction, and forced that powerful nation into a course of policy which, however outrageous it might appear, was in reality one of necessity. Up to the treaty of Tilsit, the wars of France were essentially defensive; for the bloody contest that wasted the continent so many years was not a struggle for pre-eminence between ambitious powers, not a dispute for some accession of territory, nor for the political ascendancy of one or other nation, but a deadly conflict to determine whether aristocracy or democracy should predominate; whether equality or privilege should henceforth be the principle of European governments.