Dissensions in the Spanish court--Secret treaty and convention of Fontainebleau--Junot’s army enters Spain--Dupont’s and Moncey’s corps enter Spain--Duhesme’s corps enters Catalonia--Insurrections of Aranjuez and Madrid--Charles the fourth abdicates--Ferdinand proclaimed king--Murat marches to Madrid--Refuses to recognise Ferdinand as king--The sword of Francis the first delivered to the French general--Savary arrives at Madrid--Ferdinand goes to Bayonne--Charles the fourth goes to Bayonne--The fortresses of St. Sebastian, Figueras, Pampeluna, and Barcelona, treacherously seized by the French--Riot at Toledo, 23d April--Tumult at Madrid, 2d of May--Charles the fourth abdicates a second time in favour of Napoleon--Assembly of notables at Bayonne--Joseph Buonaparte declared king of Spain--Arrives at Madrid. 12 CHAPTER III. Council of Castile refuses to take the oath of allegiance--Supreme junta established at Seville--Marquis of Solano murdered at Cadiz, and the Conde d’Aguilar at Seville--Intercourse between Castaños and sir Hew Dalrymple--General Spencer and admiral Purvis offer to co-operate with the Spaniards--Admiral Rossily’s squadron surrenders to Morla--General insurrection--Massacre at Valencia--Horrible murder of Filanghieri. 32 CHAPTER IV. New French corps formed in Navarre--Duhesme fixes himself at Barcelona--Importance of that city--Napoleon’s military plan and arrangements. 45 CHAPTER V. First operations of marshal Bessieres--Spaniards defeated at Cabeçon, at Segovia, at Logroño, at Torquemada--French take St. Ander--Lefebre Desnouettes defeats the Spaniards on the Ebro, on the Huecha, on the Xalon--First siege of Zaragoza--Observations. 62 CHAPTER VI. Operations in Catalonia--General Swartz marches against the town of Manresa, and general Chabran against Taragona--French defeated at Bruch--Chabran recalled--Burns Arbos--Marches against Bruch--Retreats--Duhesme assaults Gerona--Is repulsed with loss--Action on the Llobregat--General insurrection of Catalonia--Figueras blockaded--General Reille relieves it--First siege of Gerona--The marquis of Palacios arrives in Catalonia with the Spanish troops from the Balearic isles, declared captain-general under St. Narcissus, re-establishes the line of the Llobregat--The count of Caldagues forces the French lines at Gerona--Duhesme raises the siege and returns to Barcelona--Observations--Moncey marches against Valencia, defeats the Spaniards at Pajaso, at the Siete Aguas, and at Quarte--Attacks Valencia, is repulsed, marches into Murcia, forces the passage of the Xucar, defeats Serbelloni at San Felippe, arrives at San Clemente--Insurrection at Cuenca, quelled by general Caulincourt--Observations 74 CHAPTER VII.