The foregoing are only a few of the foundations established by Baron _de_ Hirsch. In addition may be mentioned the Canadian Baron _de_ Hirsch Fund, and the large sum given to the London hospitals, to which he also devoted the entire proceeds of his winnings on the turf. He always said that his horses ran for charity. It is impossible to form an accurate estimate of the amount of money that he devoted to benevolent purposes. Including the large legacy of about 250,000,000 francs left to the Jewish Colonization Association, it exceeded 800, 000,000 francs, is an estimate justified by the amounts given by him from time to time to the foundations already referred to. He died in 1896, having built for himself a monument more lasting than one of brass or marble:―― _The Jewish Colonization Association._ The Baroness died in 1899. The amount devoted by her to benevolent purposes exceeded fifteen million dollars,¹ and she further endowed her various foundations by leaving them ten million dollars in her will. ¹ Baron _de_ Hirsch Trade School in New York City; Clara _de_ Hirsch Home for Working Girls in New York; Fund for the Officials of the Oriental Railways, _etc._ The present possessors of the shares of the Jewish Colonization Association are: The Alliance Israélite Universelle, the Anglo-Jewish Association, and the Jewish Communities of Brussels, Berlin and Frankfort-on-the-Main. The administrative council now numbers eleven members: five are appointed directly, one each by the five corporations, each of which holds approximately one-fifth of the capital; the other six are elected for a period of five years by a vote of the general assembly of the stockholders, convened once a year. Since 1900 the Association has been entrusted by Baron Edmond _de_ Rothschild with the care of his Palestine colonization schemes, and it is to be hoped that this great Jewish institution will turn its attention more and more to work in Palestine. Illustration: _THE CONGRESS PORTRAIT_ _Leopold Pilichowski_ בנימן ואב בן יעקב (_THEODOR HERZL_) CHAPTER XLVII. MODERN ZIONISM Theodor Herzl――The first conception and the acceptance of Palestine――Max Nordau――The ideas of Modern Zionism. ZIONISM, an idea as old as the Jewish nation, preached by the representatives of Jewish thought, accepted and supported by prominent Christians in England and France and elsewhere, expressed and carried into effect in the colonization work in Palestine, was still in need of a great leader. There had been many eminent champions, thinkers and enthusiasts, but no great leader. Theodor Herzl (1860‒1904) then came upon the scene――a born leader of men.