¹ From a pencil drawing by his second daughter, Estelle, Mrs. George E. Nathan. The frontispiece to the second volume, “Edmond _de_ Rothschild,” is a facsimile of a photograph¹ from the painting by _M._ Aimé Morot. From _M._ A. Salvador, Mdme. L. J. Raynall and _M._ André Spire of Paris were instrumental in procuring a photograph of his uncle _M._ Joseph Salvador, whose portrait has hitherto never been published. ¹ Autograph presentation copy from the Baron to the Author. Miss Marian O. Wilson came to my assistance in permitting me to take a copy of a photograph of her father, Sir Charles W. Wilson, and Mr. Joseph Cowen lent J. H. Kann’s _Erez Israel_, containing a likeness of President David Wolffsohn. The illustration, “Members of the _Maccabean_ Pilgrimage,” I have been enabled to reproduce, thanks to the kindness of Mr. Herbert Bentwich, its organizer, who also furnished me with the names of the pilgrims. The President and Council of the Jews’ College were pleased to grant me the privilege of having a photograph taken of the historical painting, “The Conference between Menasseh Ben-Israel and Oliver Cromwell,” by Solomon Alexander Hart, R.A., formerly in the collection of Sir Julian Goldsmid, Bart., and subsequently presented to the College by Frederic David Mocatta in 1896. My thanks must also be accorded to the proprietors of the _Century_ for the use of the portrait of Emma Lazarus; to the _Graphic_ for the sketch from life of Bernard Lazare taken by Paul Renouard during the Dreyfus trial; to the _Illustrated London News_ for the likeness of Baron Hirsch; to the _Jewish Encyclopedia_ for the portraits of Samuel Joseph Fuenn, _R._ Zebi Hirsch Kalischer, Samuel David Luzzatto, and Mordecai Manuel Noah; and to the _Jewish World_ for that of Dr. Israel Hildesheimer. There are many eminent Zionists whose lineaments I should like to have seen in this work, but owing to present conditions the portraits were not procurable. The following portraits and illustrations may not be reproduced without authority:――Col. C. R. Conder, James Finn, Theodor Herzl by Pilichowski, _R._ Zadok Kahn, Laurence Oliphant, Dr. M. J. Raphall, Edmond _de_ Rothschild, Joseph Salvador, Sir Charles W. Wilson, “The Conference between Manasseh Ben-Israel and Oliver Cromwell,” and the “Members of the _Maccabean_ Pilgrimage.” ISRAEL SOLOMONS. CONTENTS PREFACE THE AUTHOR’S INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION BY THE RT. HON. A. J. BALFOUR, M.P. LETTERS TO THE AUTHOR THE ILLUSTRATOR TO THE READER CHAPTER I. ENGLAND AND THE BIBLE Hellas, Rome and _Israel_――The Englishman’s Bible――Its influence upon English Literature――Rev. Paul Knell, Matthew Arnold, Sir H. Havelock, Gordon, Livingstone, Ruskin, Carlyle, Taine, Sir L. T. Dibdin, Huxley, and J. R. Green ――The Puritans――The Pilgrim Fathers――James I.――Cromwell. CHAPTER II. THE _HEBREW_ LANGUAGE