⭘ DR. JOSEPH PRIESTLEY ⭘ PRESIDENT JOHN ADAMS ⭘ SIR MOSES MONTEFIORE, BART. ⭘ JOSEPH SALVADOR ⭘ BENJAMIN DISRAELI ⭘ SAMUEL DAVID LUZZATTO ⭘ BERNARD LAZARE ⭘ ALBERT COHN ⭘ CHARLES NETTER ⭘ ISAAC M. A. CRÉMIEUX ⭘ RABBI ZADOK KAHN ⭘ SALOMON MUNK ⭘ RABBI ZEBI HIRSCH KALISCHER ⭘ RABBI ISAAC JACOB REINES ⭘ RABBI MORDECAI ELIASBERG ⭘ RABBI SAMUEL MOHILEWER ⭘ RABBI DR. ISRAEL HILDESHEIMER ⭘ RABBI ISAAC RÜLF ⭘ RT. HON. JOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN ⭘ EARL OF SHAFTESBURY ⭘ GEORGE ELIOT ⭘ JAMES FINN ⭘ LAURENCE OLIPHANT ⭘ DAVID GORDON ⭘ SAMUEL J. FUENN ⭘ DR. LEON PINSKER ⭘ MOSES L. LILIENBLUM ⭘ PEREZ SMOLENSKIN ⭘ ELIM H. D’AVIGDOR ⭘ COL. A. E. W. GOLDSMID ⭘ JEAN HENRI DUNANT ⭘ FATHER IGNATIUS ⭘ DR. E. W. TSCHLENOW ⭘ DR. MAX MANDELSTAMM ⭘ JUDAH TOURO ⭘ EMMA LAZARUS ⭘ MORDECAI MANUEL NOAH ⭘ RABBI DR. MORRIS J. RAPHALL ⭘ THE MACCABEAN PILGRIMAGE, 5657 = 1897 ⭘ THEODOR HERZL ⭘ DR. MAX S. NORDAU ⭘ DR. LOUIS LOEWE ⭘ RABBI DR. N. M. ADLER ⭘ BARON MAURICE DE HIRSCH ⭘ PROF. DR. HERMANN SCHAPIRA ⭘ MOSES HESS ⭘ DAVID WOLFFSOHN THE HISTORY OF ZIONISM CHAPTER I. ENGLAND AND THE BIBLE Hellas, Rome and _Israel_――The Englishman’s Bible――Its influence upon English Literature――Rev. Paul Knell, Matthew Arnold, Sir H. Havelock, Gordon, Livingstone, Ruskin, Carlyle, Taine, Sir L. T. Dibdin, Huxley, and J. R. Green――The Puritans ――The Pilgrim Fathers――James I.――Cromwell. NO great idea, once proclaimed, has ever yet perished from the earth. An idea may assume new forms, may change its mere outward semblance ――for all great ideas are plastic in their attributes and immutable in their essentials――but, once it has been enunciated, human life absorbs it within itself for ever. The Greek spirit of freedom, and the order, discipline and law of Rome survive in Anglo-Saxon institutions, not by mere enforcement of victorious arms, but because men have recognized them as the happiest approximation to the independence of each and the subordination of all that has ever yet been conceived. To Greece was entrusted the cultivation of reason and taste. Her gift to mankind has been science and art. To the Greeks we owe the science of logic, which has dominated the minds of all modern thinkers. Much of the spirit of modern politics, too, comes from Greece. On the other hand, the sentiments and the organizing force behind all States and Governments, which are absolutely indispensable to their vigour, are to a great extent Roman. Justinian’s¹ laws have penetrated into all modern legislation. Thus Greece may be said to have disciplined human reason and taste, and Rome human organization and power. ¹ Flavius Anicius Julianus Justinian I. [The Great] (483‒565).