Taking our subject as a whole, however considerable the philological interest attaching to it, there is no disputing the truth of a remark with which Burnell's fragments of intended introduction concludes, and the application of which goes beyond the limit of those words which can be considered to have 'accrued as additions to the English language': "Considering the long intercourse with India, it is noteworthy that the additions which have thus accrued to the English language are, from the intellectual standpoint, of no intrinsic value. Nearly all the borrowed words refer to material facts, or to peculiar customs and stages of society, and, though a few of them furnish allusions to the penny-a-liner, they do not represent new ideas." It is singular how often, in tracing to their origin words that come within the field of our research, we light upon an absolute dilemma, or bifurcation, _i.e._ on two or more sources of almost equal probability, and in themselves entirely diverse. In such cases it may be that, though the use of the word _originated_ from one of the sources, the existence of the other has invigorated that use, and contributed to its eventual diffusion. An example of this is _boy_, in its application to a native servant. To this application have contributed both the old English use of _boy_ (analogous to that of _puer_, _garçon_, _Knabe_) for a camp-servant, or for a slave, and the Hindī-Marāṭhī _bhoi_, the name of a caste which has furnished palanquin and umbrella-bearers to many generations of Europeans in India. The habitual use of the word by the Portuguese, for many years before any English influence had touched the shores of India (_e.g._ _bóy de sombrero_, _bóy d'aguoa_, _bóy de palanquy_), shows that the earliest source was the Indian one. _Cooly_, in its application to a carrier of burdens, or performer of inferior labour, is another example. The most probable origin of this is from a _nomen gentile_, that of the _Kolīs_, a hill-people of Guzerat and the Western Ghats (compare the origin of _slave_). But the matter is perplexed by other facts which it is difficult to connect with this. Thus, in S. India, there is a Tamil word _kūli_, in common use, signifying 'daily hire or wages,' which H. H. Wilson regards as the true origin of the word which we call _cooly_. Again, both in Oriental and Osmali Turkish, _kol_ is a word for a slave, and in the latter also there is _kūleh_, 'a male slave, a bondsman.' _Khol_ is, in Tibetan also, a word for a slave or servant. _Tank_, for a reservoir of water, we are apt to derive without hesitation, from _stagnum_, whence Sp. _estanc_, old Fr. _estang_, old Eng. and Lowland Scotch _stank_, Port. _tanque_, till we find that the word is regarded by the Portuguese themselves as Indian, and that there is excellent testimony to the existence of _tānkā_ in Guzerat and Rajputana as an indigenous word, and with a plausible Sanskrit etymology.