Then, on top of this, came the rumours of the English King's undertaking
to answer Luther's most formidable attack on Rome. It was in 1520, the
year after his great disputation with Eck at Leipzig, that Luther
published his cataclysmic addresses: "To the Christian Nobles of
Germany" and "On the Babylonian Captivity,"--the latter of which itself
contains the whole Protestant Reformation in embryo. "Would to God,"
exclaimed Erasmus of it, "that he had followed my counsel and abstained
from odious and seditious proceedings!" Bishop Tunstall, then in Worms,
had also written of it:--"I pray God keep that book out of England!" But
before the year was out "that book" had reached England, and Henry VIII.
had sworn to annihilate its arguments and to triumphantly defend the
dogmas of Rome. The eagerly-awaited "Defence" did not get printed,
and would remain in Pope Leo's hands for a year yet. But Basel knew,
through More and Erasmus,--whose canny smile probably discounted its
critical quality,--pretty much its line of defence. Nor was Froben's
circle one whit more surprised than its royal author when its immediate
reward was that formal style and title--_Defender of the Faith_,--to
which a few years more were to lend so different a significance.
By this latter date Ulrich von Hutten had fled to Basel, only to find
that his violent "heresies" had completely estranged Erasmus, and closed
Froben's door, as well as all other Roman Catholic doors, against him
for ever. He lodged, therefore, at the Blume until the Basel Council
requested him to leave the town, a little before his death, in 1523. But
in 1520 Hutten was still at Sickingen's fortress, digging with fierce
ardour the impassable gulf between him and the band of friends and
Churchmen among whom Holbein ever ranged himself.
* * * * *
Among the five lost works which Patin says Holbein painted, there was a
"Nativity" and an "Adoration of the Kings." It is impossible now to say
what resemblances, if any, existed between these and the same subjects,
executed not much later, which are now in the University Chapel, Freiburg
Minster. These latter are the only known works of Holbein that still
hang in a sacred edifice. They were evidently designed to fold in upon a
central altar-piece with an arched top, thus making, when open, the
usual triptych; but the central painting has vanished. This large work
was a gift to the Carthusian monastery in Klein-Basel; and the arms of
the donor, Hans Oberriedt, are displayed below the Nativity, as well as
the portraits of himself and his six sons. Below the corresponding right
wing, the Adoration, are the arms of his wife and her portrait, with her
four daughters.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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