Holinshed Chronicles: England, Scotland, and Ireland. Volume 1, CompleteHolinshed, Raphael
History
Holinshed Chronicles: England, Scotland, and Ireland. Volume 1, Complete
Holinshed, Raphael
Great Britain -- History -- To 1485; Great Britain -- History -- Tudors, 1485-1603
Thus we sée in generall maner, how idolatrie, honoring of the starres,
and brood of inferiour gods were hatched at the first, which follies
in processe of time came also into Britaine, as did the names of
Saturne & Iupiter, &c: as shall appeare hereafter. And here sith I
haue alreadie somewhat digressed from my matter, I will go yet a
little farder, and shew foorth the originall vse of the word Saturne,
Iupiter, Hercules, &c: whereby your Honor shall sée a little more into
the errours of the Gentils, and not onelie that, but one point also
[Sidenote: Which were Saturni, Ioues, Iunones, and Hercules.]
properlie called of the root of all the confusion that is to be found
among the ancient histories. Certes it was vsed for a few yéeres after
the partition of the earth (which was made by Noah, in the 133. yeere
after the floud) that the beginners of such kingdoms as were then
erected should be called Saturni, whereby it came to passe that
Nimbrote was the Saturne of Babylon: Cham of Ægypt: and so foorth
other of sundrie other countries. Their eldest sonnes also that
succeeded them, were called Ioues; and their nephewes or sonnes
sonnes, which reigned in the third place Hercules, by which meanes it
followed that euerie kingdome had a Saturne, Iupiter and Hercules of
hir owne, and not from anie other.
In like sort they had such another order among their daughters, whom
they married as yet commonlie vnto their brethren (God himselfe
permitting the same vnto them for a time) as before the floud, to the
end the earth might be thoroughlie replenished, and the sooner
furnished with inhabitants in euerie part therof. The sister therefore
[Sidenote: Isis, Io and Iuno all one.]
and wife of euerie Saturne was called Rhea, but of Iupiter, Iuno,
Isis, or Io. Beyond these also there was no latter Harold that would
indeuour to deriue the petigree of any prince, or potentate, but
supposed his dutie to be sufficientlie performed, when he had brought
it orderlie vnto some Saturne or other, wherat he might cease, and
shut vp all his trauell. They had likewise this opinion grounded
amongst them, that heauen & earth were onlie parents vnto Saturne and
[Sidenote: C[oe]lum or C[oe]lus.]
[Sidenote: Ogyges.]
[Sidenote: Sol.]
[Sidenote: Pater deorum.]
Rhea, not knowing out of doubt, what they themselues did meane, sith
these denominations, Heauen, Ogyges, the Sunne, Pater Deorum, and such
[Sidenote: * Tydea.]
[Sidenote: Vesta.]
[Sidenote: Terra.]
[Sidenote: Luna.]
[Sidenote: Aretia.]
[Sidenote: Deorum mater.]
like, were onelie ascribed vnto Noah: as [*]Terra, (the Earth) Vesta,
Aretia, the Moone, Mater deorum, and other the like were vnto Tydea
his wife. So that hereby we sée, how Saturne is reputed in euerie
nation for their oldest god, or first prince, Iupiter for the next,
and Hercules for the third. And therefore sith these names were
dispersed in the beginning ouer all, it is no maruell that there is
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