The real difficulties in the way of Home Rule were found, both in 1886 and 1893, not in these permanent things, but in the changing facets of human laws. It was the Land Question that in all the speeches of 1886 provided the strongest argument. It was the absence of local government, and the presumed incapacity for local government, that filled so many Unionist speeches. It was the quarrel over University Education that provided the best evidence of incompatibility of temper between Irish Catholic and Irish Protestant. I shall show that in all these respects the problem has completely and radically changed since 1893. * * * * * FOOTNOTES: [1] By a majority of 34 on the third reading--301 to 267--September 1st, 1893. [2] Friday, September 8th, 1893. 419 to 41; majority against the Bill of 378. [3] See Appendix A for this Bill. [4] "The Story of the Home Rule Session." (1893.) Written by Harold Spender, sketched by F. Carruthers Gould (now Sir Francis C. Gould). London: _The Westminster Gazette_ and Fisher Unwin. [5] This famous phrase was first coined by Grattan, but was so often said by Gladstone that it was, in 1886, regarded as his. [6] See a very interesting account of the present Irish Executive in "Home Rule Problems" (P.S. King and Son. London. 1s.) in a chapter (iv.) entitled "The Present System of Government, in Ireland," by G.F.H. Berkeley. There are 67 Boards, of which only 26 are under direct control of the Irish Secretary. No Parliamentary statute applies to Ireland, of course, unless that country is expressly included by name. [7] See, for a popular account of this Synod, Green's "History of the English People," Vol. I., p. 55. [8] The central Civil Service is predominantly Protestant, and in municipalities like Belfast the Catholics hold a very small proportion of the salaried posts. [9] Census for 1911. Preliminary Report. Page 6. [10] Census Summary. Preliminary Report. Page 6. [11] See "The Statesman's Year Book," 1911, pp. 877-8. THE HOME RULE CASE THE CASE THAT HAS CHANGED--AND IS NOW STRONGER i.--THE COUNCILS AND ii.--THE LAND. "They saved the country because they lived in it, as the others abandoned it because they lived out of it." GRATTAN. CHAPTER II. THE HOME RULE CASE