In regard to Table-Tilting with contact, I have given Faraday's conclusions on the subject,--unconscious muscular action on the part of the sitter or sitters. In the case of Automatic Writing (particularly with the planchette), unconscious muscular action is the proper explanation for the movements of the apparatus. "Professor Augusto Tamburini, of Italy, author of 'Spiritismo e Telepatia', a cautious investigator of psychical problems," says a reviewer in the Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research (Volume IX, p. 226), "accepts the verdict of all competent observers that imposture is inadmissible as a general explanation, and endorses the view that the muscular action which causes the movements of the table or the pencil is produced by the subliminal consciousness. He explains the definite and varying characters of the supposed authors of the messages as the result of self-suggestion. As by hypnotic or post-hypnotic suggestion a subject may be made to think he is Napoleon or a chimney sweep, so, by self-suggestion, the subliminal consciousness may be made to think that he is X and Y, and to tilt or wrap messages in the character of X and Y." Professor Tamburini's explanation fails to account for the innumerable well authenticated cases where facts are obtained not within the conscious knowledge of the planchette writer or table-tilter. If telepathy does not enter into these cases, what does? There are many exhibitions, of thought transference by public psychics, that are thought transference in name only. One must be on one's guard against these pretenders to occult powers. I refer to men like our late compatriot, Washington Irving Bishop--"muscle-reader" _par excellence_ whose fame extended throughout the civilized world.