JOHANNES BRAHMS AT HOME 418 CÉSAR FRANCK 419 EDWARD MACDOWELL 492 CHARLES GRIFFES 493 CLAUDE ACHILLE DEBUSSY 516 MAURICE RAVEL 516 ARNOLD SCHOENBERG 517 IGOR STRAVINSKY 517 ARTHUR HONEGGER 538 DARIUS MILHAUD 538 BÉLA BARTÓK 538 LOUIS GRUENBERG 538 G. FRANCESCO MALIPIERO 539 ALFREDO CASELLA 539 ARNOLD BAX 539 EUGENE GOOSSENS 539 How Music Grew Babyhood of Music CHAPTER I Music is Born—How, When and Where There was once a time when children did not have to go to school, for there were no schools; they did not have to take music lessons because there was no music; there was not even a language by which people could talk to each other, and there were no books and no pencils. There were no churches then, no homes nor cities, no railroads, no roads in fact, and the oldest and wisest man knew less than a little child of today. Step by step men fought their way to find means of speaking to each other, to make roads to travel on, houses to live in, fire to cook with, clothes to wear, and ways to amuse themselves. During this time, over one hundred thousand years ago, called “prehistoric” because it was before events were recorded, men had to struggle with things that no longer bother us. Picture to yourselves this era when people lived out-of-doors, in mounds and caves surrounded by wild beasts which though dangerous, were not much more so than their human neighbors. Remember, too, that these people did not know that light followed darkness as the day the night; summer followed winter as the seasons come and go; that trees lost their leaves only to bear new ones in the spring, and that lightning and thunder were natural happenings; and so on through the long list of things that we think today perfectly simple, and not in the least frightening.