How to become an inventor : $b Containing experiments in photography, hydraulics, galvanism and electricity, magnetism, heat, and the wonders of the microscopeWarford, Aaron A.
Science
How to become an inventor : $b Containing experiments in photography, hydraulics, galvanism and electricity, magnetism, heat, and the wonders of the microscope
Warford, Aaron A.
Scientific recreations
4. As soon as the collodion ceases to run, plunge the prepared glass
gently, without stopping, into the nitrate of silver bath, which is
prepared as follows: Into a 20-oz. stoppered bottle put nitrate of
silver, 1-1/4 ozs.; distilled water, 4 ozs.; dissolve. To this solution
add iodide of potassium, 4 grs., dissolved in one drachm of distilled
water. Mix these two solutions; the precipitate (iodide of silver)
thus formed is by shaking entirely dissolved. Add 16 ozs. of distilled
water, when the excess of iodide of silver is again thrown down, but
in such a finely divided state as to render the saturation of the bath
with iodide of silver perfect. Now drop in sufficient of the oxide of
silver to turn the turbid yellow solution a dirty brown color; so long
as this effect is produced the quantity of oxide of silver, however
much in excess, is of no consequence; shake the bottle well for ten
minutes or so at intervals; then add alcohol, 30 minims, and filter; to
the filtered solution add dilute nitric acid of the strength stated, 5
minims. The bath is now ready for use, and should be quite neutral.
5. Allow the prepared glass to remain in this bath from five to ten
minutes, according to the temperature. Move it up and down three or
four times whilst in the bath, in order to get rid of the greasy
appearance on the surface; drain it, but not too closely. When in the
frame, place upon the back a piece of common blotting-paper, to absorb
moisture, and the two lower silver wires should also be covered with
slips of blotting-paper; after which the sooner it is placed in the
camera the better.
6. The time of exposure can only be ascertained by practice--no rules
can be laid down; and I am unacquainted with any royal road, but that
of experience, leading to constant success in this most important point.
7. The plate having been taken from the camera and placed upon a
leveled stand, or held in the hand, develop immediately the latent
image with the following solution:
_Iron developing solution._--Protosulphate of iron, 1/4 oz.; glacial
acetic acid, 1/4 oz.; spirits of wine, 1/2 oz.; distilled water, 8
ozs.; mix. Pour on of this solution only enough to cover the plate
easily, commencing at that edge of the negative which stood uppermost
in the camera; move the solution to and fro until it has become
intimately mixed with the silver on the plate; then pour off into the
developing glass, and _at once_ return it on to the plate. When as much
intensity has been obtained as possible with the iron developer, it
should be thoroughly removed by washing with water. Any intensity may
be obtained afterwards by using either of the following solutions:
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