Mind thinks or remembers, reasons or wills, but these are faculties of the mind; it is what the mind does, not mind itself. Gold is yellow, but yellow is not gold; gold is hard, but hardness is not gold; these are qualities of gold, and not gold itself. In the study of physiology you found the body divided into many parts, and that these parts had each a separate function or duty to perform. In the study of the mind, we find it has many different faculties or ways of working. We did not study all the functions of the body, so we will not study all the faculties of the mind. The mind is very complicated in its action, and difficult to understand. Men study it all their lives and are not agreed about some of its simple manifestations, and argue and even contend about their differences. There are, however, some seemingly natural divisions of the faculties of the mind, and a knowledge of these is sufficient for our purposes. We may say of the mind that it possesses: _a._ Intellectual faculties. _b._ Will. _c._ Emotions or feelings. _d._ Instincts. _e._ Moral faculties or conscience. The first three are commonly given as divisions of the mind; the last two are included for convenience of teaching. _The Intellectual Faculties_ include those powers which in common language are called "mind." A few only will be considered--namely, the perceptive faculty, consciousness, memory, and reason. _The Perceptive Faculty_ is the power of the mind to perceive or know the sensations brought to the brain by the sensory nerves, from the organs of sense, and the action of this faculty gives us a knowledge of the existence and qualities of matter. _Consciousness_ is that faculty by which we know we perceive, reason, remember, will, or possess emotions. By its operation we know that we exist, have a mind, and what that mind does. _Memory_ is that faculty by which we are able to recall to consciousness the knowledge we possess of past events. _Reason_ is that faculty by which we are able to make use of what we know and to acquire new knowledge. For instance, I know the distance between two places is sixty miles, and I know that the cars, going between the places, travel at the rate of twenty miles an hour, and that they leave at four o'clock. Without reason, I could never of myself, know the two new facts, that it would require three hours to make the journey, and that the arrival will be at seven o'clock. The faculty of reason is one of the most distinctive of the human mind.