Sawyer | 43 | 5-5 | 143 | 84 | .59 | 451 | 4952 --------------+----+---------+-----+--------+--------+--------+--------- WOMEN --------------+----+---------+-----+--------+--------+--------+--------- Hand-sewer | 53 | 5-3 | 139 | 75 | .54 | 83 | 1864 Hand-sewer | 35 | 5-6 | 143 | 64 | .45 | 88 | 1728 Machine-sewer | 53 | 5-3 | 139 | 75 | .54 | 103 | 2024 Machine-sewer | 19 | 5-3 | 110 | 64 | .58 | 119 | 1976 Wash-woman | 43 | 5-3 | 125 | 75 | .60 | 285 | 3480 Wash-woman | 19 | 5-3 | 110 | 64 | .58 | 186 | 2512 Waitress | 43 | 5-3 | 125 | 75 | .60 | 228 | 3024 Waitress | 19 | 5-3 | 110 | 64 | .58 | 143 | 2168 Bookbinder | 22 | 5-4 | 105 | 70 | .65 | 98 | 1904 Bookbinder | 22 | 5-3 | 112 | 61 | .54 | 127 | 1992 --------------+----+---------+-----+--------+--------+--------+--------- For example, for sawyers (an active occupation), the heat production and consequent requirement in calories worked out as follows: During rest 84 calories × 16 h. 1344 During work 451 calories × 8 h. 3608 ---- Total calories 4952 The tailor (sedentary occupation) showed the following heat production and calorific requirement: 72 calories × 16 h. 1152 124 calories ×  8 h. 992 ---- Total calories 2144 These figures show the wide variation in food requirements according to age, weight and occupation. [Sidenote: Basal Metabolism] Francis G. Benedict and his co-workers at the Nutrition Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, and Prof. Graham Lusk of Cornell University, have also made a large number of experiments to ascertain what is termed the basal metabolism or heat production of the body at perfect rest, and also that under varying degrees of activity. The results are closely in agreement with the above. Benedict has lately produced evidence to show that the basal metabolism, or heat production, at rest is not governed entirely by such factors as body weight and body surface, but by the amount and activity of the active protoplasmic cells of the body--the cells that compose the organs and muscles and blood. The condition of these cells when the measurements are taken (which may be influenced by age, sleep, previous muscular exercise and diet) materially affects the amount of heat production and the requirements in energy food. Such experiments show why a man must literally burn up his own body, if he takes in no fuel in the form of food. Benedict's views also account for the higher energy requirement of men as compared to women, who, as a rule, have more fat and less muscular tissue than men. [Sidenote: Diet and Endurance]