How to Read Human Nature: Its Inner States and Outer FormsAtkinson, William Walker
Science
How to Read Human Nature: Its Inner States and Outer Forms
Atkinson, William Walker
Character; Personality; Phrenology; Physiognomy
Just as _character_ is the inner phase of Human Nature, so is
_personality_ its outer phase. To many the two terms are synonymous, but
analysis will show the shades of difference between them. A man's
_character_ is his inner self, while his _personality_ is the outward
indication of his self. The word, in this sense, is defined as: "That
which constitutes the personal traits of a person, as his manner,
conduct, habits, appearance, and other observable personal
peculiarities."
The word is derived from the Latin word, _persona_, meaning, "a mask
used by play-actors," which in turn was derived from the two words
_per_, meaning "through," and _sono_, meaning, "to sound," or combined,
"to sound through." And the derivation of the term really gives us an
idea of its inner meaning, for the personality is really the mask worn
by the character, and _through which it sounds_, speaks, or manifests
itself, Jeremy Taylor once said: "No man can long put on _person_ and
act a part but his evil manners will peep through the corners of his
white robe." Archbishop Trench once said that the real meaning of the
phrase, "God is no respecter of _persons_" is that the Almighty cared
nothing for what _part_ in life a person plays, but _how_ he plays it.
The old-time play-actor was wont to assume a mask of the features of the
part he played, just as the modern actor "makes up" for the part and
walks, speaks and acts in accordance therewith. Whether or not the
individual be aware of the fact, Nature furnishes to each his mask of
personality--his _persona_--by which those who understand may recognize
the part he plays, or his character. In both the inner _character_, and
the outer _personality_, each individual struts the stage of life and
plays his part.
The mask or "make up," of personality, by which men may read each
other's character, is evolved and developed from the instinctive
physical expression accompanying thought, feeling and emotion. Just as
the frown accompanying the feeling of annoyance or anger will, if
repeated sufficiently often, become fixed upon the countenance of the
man, so will all of his general thoughts, feelings and emotions register
themselves in his manner, gait, tone of voice, carriage and facial
expression. Moreover, his inherited tendencies will show themselves in
the same way.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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